Effects of azadirachtin on mortality rate and reproductive system of the grasshopper Heteracris littoralis Ramb. (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Effects of neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on midgut cells of predatory larvae Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás, 1911) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

“…It combines various ways of action against insects such as antifeedant, growth disrupting, moulting defects, repellency, fecundity and fitness-reducing properties on many insect species (Rembold, 1989;Schmutterer, 1990; Mordue (Luntz) and Blackwell, 1993; and Nisbet, 2000;Morgan, 2009). Neem oil and its components, taken together, have direct effects on midgut and a variety of tissues and organs (Nasiruddin and Mordue (Luntz), 1993;Sayah et al, 1996;Nogueira et al, 1997;Lucantoni et al, 2006;Ghazawi et al, 2007;Ndione et al, 2007;Correia et al, 2009;Roel et al, 2010).…”

“…There are many studies focused on the bioassay of neem products against insect-pests (Nasiruddin and Mordue (Luntz), 1993;Sayah et al, 1996;Nogueira et al, 1997;Lucantoni et al, 2006;Ghazawi et al, 2007;Ndione et al, 2007;Correia et al, 2009;Roel et al, 2010), but little is known about the toxicity of these products on natural enemies and their action mechanism on the midgut, organ where digestion and absorption occurs.…”

Ultrastructural changes in female reproductive organ of Chrotogonus trachypterus Blanchard induced by deltamethrin

“…During vitellogenesis reserve materials were deposited in ooplasm and consequently oocytes become voluminous and filled with numerous yolk spheres. Ghazawi et al [7] also reported that female of Heteracris littoralis Ramb. consists of similar ovarian structure.…”

“…Similarly, newly emerged 5th instar nymphs of S. gregaria treated with cascade, rice bran extract and karate, synthetic pyrethroids each at LC 50 produced disturbance in protein synthesis of the ovary, which reflected an inhibition of ovarian maturation and showed a degeneration of ovarioles and oocytes, disintegrated mitochondria, enlarged vacuoles and cracked yolk bodies mostly in two halves [14], [19] & [20]. Ghazawi et al [7] observed disintegration and destruction of ovarian follicle cells and mitochondria in topically treated female of Heteracris littoralis with serial concentrations of azadirachtin. According to Reda [11] many histopathological changes in ovaries of S. gregaria produced disturbance in protein synthesis which reflected an inhibition of ovarian maturation and degeneration and vacuolization of the follicular cells when treated with chitin inhibitor, consult and lufox toxicants.…”

“…Very low application rate of synthetic pyrethroids brings reduced environmental pollution. Exposure of sublethal doses of the insecticide greatly affected the development of gonads in insects [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. Although, the use of pesticides has proved quite effective in the grasshopper management, but not much work has so far been done for the control of C. trachypterus using synthetic pyrethroids.…”