Effects of carbohydrate addition on Litopenaeus vannamei intensive culture in a zero-water exchange system

Immune response and disease resistance of shrimp fed biofloc grown on different carbon sources

“…The enhancement of protein and lipid assimilation in the biofloc treatments clearly showed a positive contribution of bioflocs biomass generated from nutrient waste as a food source for the cultivated animal. This in turn can result in a lower feed conversion ratio in the biofloc systems [10,11,34,35], which was also observed in the present study. Furthermore, the input/output ratio that represents the gain in biomass relative to the combined input of feed and C source indicates the effectiveness of the source of organic C in relation to biomass gain.…”

Comparing a chemoautotrophic-based biofloc system and three heterotrophic-based systems receiving different carbohydrate sources

“…Heterotrophic bacterial assimilation can consume dissolved oxygen (DO) at a higher rate than nitrification, and the bacterial population must expand to continually assimilate ammonia, leading to an accumulation of solids in the water column. However, it has been suggested that using this method may contribute to better shrimp growth and feed conversion efficiency Gao et al, 2012).…”

Rearing of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei in a biofloc system: The effects of different food sources and salinity levels

“…World populationis rapidly increasing, therefore, food production industries, such as aquaculture need to expand as well. The rapid and remarkable expansion of shrimp aquaculture has created major concerns, such as deterioration of water quality, pathogen spread and the outbreak of diseases (Gao, Shan, Zhang, Bao, & Ma, ). Biofloc technology is a new way to solve the mentioned problems in order to achieve the goals of sustainable aquaculture to produce healthy, organic and high‐quality yields (Avnimelech, ).…”