Effects of Carbon Dioxide on Laminar Burning Speed and Flame Instability of Methane/Air and Propane/Air Mixtures: A Literature Review

Abstract

This work reviews the impact of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) on laminar burning speed and stability of the flame for methane (CH 4 ) and propane (C 3 H 8 ) combustion with air. Mixtures of CH 4 and CO 2 , also known as biogas, are considered as low-cost alternative fuels. Biogas is widely used in various industrial and residential applications. Mixtures of C 3 H 8 and CO 2 are considered as alternative refrigerants with low global warming potential and low flammability. Laminar burning speeds were reported using different experimental methods. Laminar burning speeds have also been numerically calculated by onedimensional steady code using three chemical kinetic mechanisms. Results depict a decrease in equilibrium flame temperature and laminar burning speed of both CH 4 /air and C 3 H 8 /air mixtures with the existence of CO 2 in those mixtures. The maximum laminar burning speeds of neat CH 4 and C 3 H 8 are observed to be in the vicinity of an equivalence ratio of 1.1; however, as the percentage of CO 2 increases, the maximum laminar burning speeds shift toward stoichiometric mixtures. Carbon dioxide also increases flame thickness and suppresses flame instability by the combination of thermal-diffusive and hydrodynamic effects.

Laminar Burning Velocity of Biogas-Containing Mixtures. A Literature Review

“…The environmental benefit by producing energy from biogas is deeply appreciated through the reduction of gas emissions that exhibit a greenhouse effect by preventing its release into the atmosphere. Even if the biogas has a low heating value (about 3000-6000 kcal/m 3 ) compared to natural gas (about 8000-9000 kcal/m 3 ) or liquefied petroleum gas (about 25,000-28,000 kcal/m 3 ), its total chemical energy is sufficient to serve as a basis for the production of the heat and electricity that can be further used for domestic heating and cooking, or to feed internal combustion engines, gas turbines, fuel cells, or cogeneration systems [1][2][3][4][5]. A schematic diagram for biogas production and its applications is given in Figure 1.…”

“…A schematic diagram for biogas production and its applications is given in Figure 1. and cooking, or to feed internal combustion engines, gas turbines, fuel cells, or cogeneration systems [1][2][3][4][5]. A schematic diagram for biogas production and its applications is given in Figure 1.…”

“…Biogas (alone or blended with other fuels) is used as fuel in internal combustion engines, which are the main power source for transport vehicles and commonly used for powering generators of electrical energy [4,5,60]. Therefore, it is necessary to study its combustion properties such as the explosion pressure, severity factor and laminar burning velocity.…”

“…The state of the art, the challenges of combustion chemistry research, the flammability limits, the impact of carbon dioxide on the laminar burning velocity and stability of the flame for biogas-air mixtures were reviewed by Wang et al [4] and Pizzuti et al [60,62]. In the present paper, a comprehensive study of the literature regarding the laminar burning velocity of biogas-containing mixture is presented aiming to characterize the use of biogas as internal combustion engine fuel, of the necessity to develop new safety measures for handling, storage and use of these mixtures and to predict and reduce the risks associated with fires and explosions.…”

Effects of High Fuel Loading and CO2 Dilution on Oxy-Methane Ignition Inside a Shock Tube at High Pressure

“…Furthermore, the effects of high fuel loading and the associated ignition behavior with immense CO2 dilution have not been investigated in detail. Studies of oxy-methane combustion with CO2 dilution have been performed in previous literature [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], though largely at intermediate to lower pressures [14,18,19] in a shock tube. For example, Hargis et al has investigated oxy-fuel combustion within a high pressure shock tube at pressures from 1 to 10 atm and 1450 to 1900 K; it was observed that increasing the level of CO2led to increased bifurcation.…”