Effects of commercial enrichment diets on the nutritional value of the rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis)

Fernández‐Reiriz, María José; Labarta, Uxío; Ferreiro, M. J.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(93)90445-5

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In contrast, Artemia nauplii, and especially nauplii of Artemia franciscana, which is the common strain used in the aquaculture, contain markedly lower levels of FAAs compared with wild copepods (Fyhn et al 1993;Helland 1995) and is unstable under starving conditions. On the other hand, the nutritional quality of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis has been studied by many authors (Fernandez-Reiriz et al 1993;Caric et al 1993;Fielder et al 2000). These studies revealed that fish larvae fed on rotifers often exhibit slow growth rates and high mortalities, which has been attributed to PUFA deficiencies and the biochemical changes observed in the nutritional value of Brachionus plicatilis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The changes in the biochemical compositions and enzymatic activities of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis, Müller) and Artemia during the enrichment and starvation periods

Naz

2008

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The changes in the biochemical compositions and enzymatic activities of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia, enriched and stored at 4 degrees C temperature, were determined. The total starvation period was 16 h and samples were taken at the end of the 8th and 16th hours. In present study, the rotifer and nauplii catabolized a large proportion of the protein during the enrichment period. Lipid contents of both live preys increased during the enrichment period and decreased in nauplii and metanauplii throughout the starvation period but lipid content of the rotifer remained relatively constant during the starvation period. The changes observed in the amino acid compositions of Artemia and the rotifer were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The conspicuous decline the essential amino acid (EAA) and nonessential amino acid (NEAA) content of the rotifer was observed during the enrichment period. However, the essential amino acid (EAA) and nonessential amino acid (NEAA) contents of Artemia nauplii increased during the enrichment period. The unenriched and enriched rotifers contained more monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs) than polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). However, Artemia contained more PUFAs than MUFAs and SFA during the experimental period. A sharp increase in the amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during the enrichment of the rotifer and Artemia nauplii was observed. However, the amount of DHA throughout the starvation period decreased in Artemia metanauplii but not in Artemia nauplii. Significant differences in tryptic, leucine aminopeptidase N (LAP), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) enzyme activities of Artemia and rotifer were observed during the enrichment and starvation period (P < 0.05). The digestive enzymes derived from live food to fish larvae provided the highest contribution at the end of the enrichment period. In conclusion, the results of the study provide important contributions to determine the most suitable live food offering time for marine fish larvae. Rotifer should be offered to fish larvae at the end of the enrichment period, Artemia nauplii just after hatching and before being stored at 4 degrees C, and Artemia metanauplii at the end of the enrichment and throughout the starvation period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The changes in the biochemical compositions and enzymatic activities of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis, Müller) and Artemia during the enrichment and starvation periods

Naz

2008

Fish Physiol Biochem

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“…However, they can be deficient in Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), although most common Artemia strains used have a relatively high content of EPA [7,14,26]. Both rotifers and Artemia nauplii naturally lack, or have insignificant quantities of, Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and are rich in linolenic acid (18:3n-3) and, to a lesser extent, linoleic acid (18:2n-6) [27,28]. Furthermore, the presence of high amounts of 18:3n-3 suppresses the conversion of EPA to DHA.…”

Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of Different Live Preysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the presence of high amounts of 18:3n-3 suppresses the conversion of EPA to DHA. Since failure to provide correct essential fatty acids is a primary cause of unsuccessful culture [29], it is common practice to enrich rotifers and Artemia with essential fatty acids [7,27,30,31]. Enrichment consists in feeding an enrichment product rich in the desired essential fatty acids to filter-feeding Artemia and rotifers.…”

Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of Different Live Preysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Consumption of DHA during Embryogenesis as an Indicative of the Need to Supply DHA during Early Larval Development: A Review

Figueiredo¹

2012

J Aquacult Res Dev

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The establishment of an adequate larval diet for crustacean and fish often involves a series of time-consuming and expensive trial and errors. Despite being nutritionally poor, rotifers and Artemia are the most commonly used preys in larviculture. Whether (and to what extent) the prey needs to be enriched with essential fatty acids differs from species to species. We hypothesized that the DHA content of a newly spawned eggs and its consumption through embryogenesis can be a good indicator of the need to enrich the prey with DHA. In order to assess this hypothesis, we performed a search in the scientific literature and compared DHA consumption through embryogenesis with larval culture success with unenriched and DHA-enriched Artemia nauplii, respectively a prey poor and rich in DHA of fish and crustacean. Data available from previously published studies suggests that, higher the consumption of DHA during embryonic development, greater the requirement of a diet rich in DHA during early larval development; and when, although present, DHA is not consumed during embryogenesis, larvae seem to be able to successfully develop with diet poor in DHA (i.e. using solely their reserves). Further studies will be necessary to better validate this hypothesis, but if confirmed, it may allow a reduction of time and costs associated with the establishment of an adequate larval diet.

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“…Each flask was gently aerated by a glass pipette at a temperature of 18 ± 0.5 0 C. Six counts of 50μL were then taken to estimate the initial number of the rotifers per flask. These counts continued during the experiment in order to estimate the survival rate of the animals and the possible on a lipid-rich diet (Fernandez-Reiriz et al, 1993;Naz, 2008;Demir and Diken, 2011a,b;Maehre et al, 2013). Brachionus plicatilis are commonly raised on baker's yeast, which does not supply adequate levels of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).…”

Section: Feeding Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total lipids content and fatty acids composition of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis using artificial enrichments

Theodorou

2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Secondary feeding with commercial lipids enrichments such as the microencapsulated diets Diet A (33.42±3.00%) and Diet B (55.88±3.5%) compared with the marine yeast type product Diet C(8.59±1.0%) as a method of increasing the total lipids and ω-3 PUFA content of rotifers, hence enhancing their nutritional value as live feed prey for fish larvae in hatcheries. The total lipids the rotifers was affected analogous to the levels of these components in the feeds showing its maximum percentage uptake within 4 hours from the enrichment (20.27±3.52, 26.64±3.91, 11.31±2.30 respectively). There was not any significant toxicity to the animals due to the diets during the 16 hours experiment. The DHA/EPA for Diet A(1.31), Diet B(0.42) and Diet C(absent) as well as the DHA/EPA/ARA ratios for Diet A(10.70 ± 1.60 / 8.18 ± 1.10 / 2.08 ± 0.20), Diet B(6.20 ± 2.30 / 14.60 ±1.00 / 1.12 ± 0.40) and Diet C (0 / 5.14 ± 3.40 / 1.30 ± 1.10) indicates that Diet A is closer to the suggested DHA/EPA/ARA optimal value 10/5/1 for marine fish larval growth.

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Effects of commercial enrichment diets on the nutritional value of the rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis)

Cited by 54 publications

References 31 publications

The changes in the biochemical compositions and enzymatic activities of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis, Müller) and Artemia during the enrichment and starvation periods

The changes in the biochemical compositions and enzymatic activities of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis, Müller) and Artemia during the enrichment and starvation periods

The Consumption of DHA during Embryogenesis as an Indicative of the Need to Supply DHA during Early Larval Development: A Review

Total lipids content and fatty acids composition of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis using artificial enrichments

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