Effects of continuous milking during the dry period or once daily milking in the first 4 weeks of lactation on metabolism and productivity of dairy cows

Schlamberger, G.; Wiedemann, S.; Viturro, Enrique; Meyer, H. H. D.; Kaske, Martin

doi:10.3168/jds.2009-2823

Cited by 47 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…In the literature slightly higher percentages are stated: Losses between 16.5% and 22% are measured in similar trials (Remond et al, 1997a and1997b;Andersen et al, 2005;Schlamberger et al, 2010). In contrast to that, as described by Remond et al (1997a), the milk quantity of the D group was not even then achieved by continuously milked cows, if the milk produced during the continuous milking period was added to the 305-day yield.…”

Section: Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Concerning the BHBA, NEFA, calcium, IGF-1 blood concentration and the changes of the back fat thickness, a clear interference of the milking regimen could be shown. An improvement of the metabolic condition is also assessed in other studies (Rastani et al, 2005;Schlamberger et al, 2010). Andersen et al (2005) proves in his trial by milking 14 HolsteinFriesian cows continuously that those cows show considerably lower BHBA and NEFA blood concentrations than the 14 cows of the test group with a 7-week drying-off period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar surplus amounts for continuously milked cows are also described by Remond et al, (1992) with 0.2% to 0.3%. Schlamberger et al (2010) even describes almost 0.4% more protein. However, in this study, only Brown Swiss cows were examined that produce milk particularly rich in protein in the first place (Cerbulis and Farrell, 1975).…”

Section: Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of continuous milking during a field trial on productivity, milk protein yield and health in dairy cows

Köpf

Gellrich

Küchenhoff

et al. 2014

animal

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The objective of this field study with an automatic milking system was to evaluate the effects of omitting the dry period on health and productivity during the subsequent lactation in dairy cows. A total of 98 German Simmental cows of six Southern German farms were assigned randomly to two experimental groups: The first group was dried-off 56 days before calving (D for dried-off, n = 49), and the second group was milked continuously during this period until calving (CM for continuous milking, n = 49). From the latter a third group emerged, including cows that dried-off themselves spontaneously (DS for dried-off spontaneously, n = 14). Blood serum values of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and IGF-1 showed most pronounced fluctuations in D cows. Over the entire study period, the concentrations of BHBA and NEFA were markedly lower in the CM and DS groups. Furthermore, IGF-1 concentration was lowest for D cows and also decrease in back fat thickness was more pronounced. Mean concentration of milk protein was markedly higher in CM and DS cows (3.70% and 3.71%) compared with D cows (3.38%). Owing to the lower 305-day milk yield (−15.6%) and the lower total milk yield (−3.1%), the total amount of produced protein in the subsequent lactation was 2.5% (6.8 kg) lower, although the additional protein amount in CM cows from week −8 to calving was 35.7 kg. The greatest benefit resulted from positive effects on fertility and the lower incidence of diseases: CM cows had their first oestrus 1 week earlier compared with D cows, they also conceived earlier and showed a significantly lower risk of developing hypocalcaemia, ketosis and puerperal disorders. The present study showed that the costs of medical treatment and milk losses were twice as high in D cows, compared with CM and DS cows, and thus the reduced costs because of the more stable health outweighed the financial losses of milk yield by + 18.49 € per cow and lactation.

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Section: Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of continuous milking during a field trial on productivity, milk protein yield and health in dairy cows

Köpf

Gellrich

Küchenhoff

et al. 2014

animal

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“…It has been suggested that cows with short or omitted dry periods show improved dry matter intake, metabolic profiles, body condition score, BW and mean negative energy balance ( Pezeshki et al, 2007 andWatters et al, 2008). It appears that following short or eliminated dry periods, the energy balance is improved around calving by reduced milk production, less nutritional and metabolic stress and the resulting ease of transition to lactation (Pezeshki et al, 2007 andSchlamberger et al, 2010).…”

Section: Altered Dry Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of continuous lactation and short dry periods on mammary function and animal health

Collier

Annen-Dawson

Pezeshki

2012

Animal

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The dry period is required to facilitate cell turnover in the bovine mammary gland in order to optimize milk yield in the next lactation. Traditionally, an 8-week dry period has been a standard management practice for dairy cows based on retrospective analyses of milk yields following various dry period lengths. However, as milk production per cow has increased, transitioning cows from the nonlactating state to peak milk yield has grown more problematic. This has prompted new studies on dry period requirements for dairy cows. These studies indicate a clear parity effect on dry period requirement. First parity animals require a 60-day dry period, whereas lactations following later parities demonstrate no negative impact with 30-day dry period or even eliminating the dry period when somatotropin (ST) is also used to maintain milk yields. Shortened dry periods in first parity animals were associated with reduced mammary cell turnover during the dry period and early lactation and increased numbers of senescent cells and reduced functionality of lactating alveolar mammary cells postpartum. Use of ST and increased milking frequency postpartum reduced the impact of shortened dry periods. The majority of new intramammary infections occur during the dry period and persist into the following lactation. There is therefore the possibility of altering mastitis incidence by modifying or eliminating the dry period in older parity animals. As the composition of mammary secretions including immunoglobulins may be reduced when the dry period is reduced or eliminated, there is the possibility that the immune status of cows during the peripartum period is influenced by the length of the dry period.

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“…Milk yield loss as a result of dry period reduction was reported to be stronger for primiparous cows than for multiparous cows (Annen et al, 2004, Pezeshki et al, 2007. Cows without a dry period were reported to produce approximately 800 -1200 kg milk during the last 56 -60 days of lactation (Schlamberger et al, 2010, Annen et al, 2004. The total energy corrected milk yield over a whole lactation of continuously milked cows was 600 kg lower compared with cows with a 60 d dry period (Schlamberger et al, 2010).…”

Section: Energy Balance Milk Production and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry period length of dairy cows : milk composition and quality

Vries¹

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A dry period of dairy cows is historically seen as a period during which the cow can restore its body condition and regenerate its mammary epithelium in order to be high yielding in the successive lactation. Recent work has indicated that high yielding cows generally experience a severe negative energy balance in early lactation. Dry period reduction is a strategy to improve the energy balance of dairy cows in early lactation. This thesis aimed at evaluating the influence of dry period length on milk composition and milk quality. Milk composition parameters indicate the processing quality of milk for the dairy plant, and may also reflect the physiological condition and energy status of the cow.In this work, omission of the dry period was related to a reduced β-casein fraction in early lactation milk. Applying a short (4 weeks) instead of a conventional (8 weeks) dry period resulted in increased plasmin activity in milk, but did not affect the β-casein fraction. Increased plasmin activity in relation to a shortened dry period was particularly found in milk of cows of third or higher parity, that generally had relatively high somatic cell count. At low somatic cell counts, dry period reduction or omission only tended to result in an increased plasmin activity due a higher casein concentration in milk. From increased concentrations of a number of low abundant proteins in colostrum of cows with a short dry period it was hypothesized that a short dry period was related to increased proliferation of mammary epithelial cells during the first days in lactation.Although the casein composition of milk was related to both plasmin activity in milk and the metabolic status of cows, which are both influenced by dry period length, quantitative differences in casein composition of cows with different dry period length were small. It was concluded that shortening or omitting the dry period of cows with good mammary health obtains milk with a higher protein content with little differences in protein composition.

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Effects of continuous milking during the dry period or once daily milking in the first 4 weeks of lactation on metabolism and productivity of dairy cows

Cited by 47 publications

References 58 publications

Effects of continuous milking during a field trial on productivity, milk protein yield and health in dairy cows

Effects of continuous milking during a field trial on productivity, milk protein yield and health in dairy cows

Effects of continuous lactation and short dry periods on mammary function and animal health

Dry period length of dairy cows : milk composition and quality

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