Effects of copper sulfate, zinc oxide, and neoterramycin on weanling pig growth and antibiotic resistance rate for fecal Escherichia coli (2009)

Shelton, N.W.; Jacob, Megan E.; Tokach, Michael D.; DeRouchey, Joel M.; Amachawadi, Raghavendra G.; Shi, Xiaodan; Nagaraja, T. G.; Nelssen, Jim L.; Goodband, Robert D.; Dritz, Steven S.

doi:10.4148/2378-5977.6794

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The modes of action of copper and zinc when used in pig and poultry feed as growth promoters are not known with certainty and probably involve suppression of bacterial fermentation, but possibly also modulation of host responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide [ 49 ]. Effects on host growth are not consistent and may be dependent on animal age [ 50 , 51 ], whilst permitted inclusion rates vary between regulatory regimes and according to age. In the EU, higher inclusion rates are permitted for young piglets and in short-term “medicinal remedies”, which for inorganic zinc compounds may result in inclusion rates in excess of thirty times basal requirements [ 10 , 52 ].…”

Section: Agents With the Potential For Co-selection Of Antibiotic mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that baseline levels of antibiotic and copper resistance were sufficiently high in this study population that the copper supplementation was insufficient to select for reduced copper susceptibility or associated antibiotic resistance genes. In a prospective study of faecal E. coli among 180 weaners, in-feed copper supplementation at a growth-promoting concentration was associated with variable effects on MIC values of antibiotics over time, with the only significant change compared with control being a reduction of MIC for neomycin and chlortetracycline after six weeks [ 51 ]; No significant effects were observed for high concentrations (2000–3000 ppm) of added zinc.…”

Section: Observations On Specific Livestock-associated Bacterial Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-Selection of Resistance to Antibiotics, Biocides and Heavy Metals, and Its Relevance to Foodborne Pathogens

2015

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Concerns have been raised in recent years regarding co-selection for antibiotic resistance among bacteria exposed to biocides used as disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives, and to heavy metals (particularly copper and zinc) used as growth promoters and therapeutic agents for some livestock species. There is indeed experimental and observational evidence that exposure to these non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents can induce or select for bacterial adaptations that result in decreased susceptibility to one or more antibiotics. This may occur via cellular mechanisms that are protective across multiple classes of antimicrobial agents or by selection of genetic determinants for resistance to non-antibiotic agents that are linked to genes for antibiotic resistance. There may also be relevant effects of these antimicrobial agents on bacterial community structure and via non-specific mechanisms such as mobilization of genetic elements or mutagenesis. Notably, some co-selective adaptations have adverse effects on fitness in the absence of a continued selective pressure. The present review examines the evidence for the significance of these phenomena, particularly in respect of bacterial zoonotic agents that commonly occur in livestock and that may be transmitted, directly or via the food chain, to human populations.

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Section: Agents With the Potential For Co-selection Of Antibiotic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Observations On Specific Livestock-associated Bacterial Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Selection of Resistance to Antibiotics, Biocides and Heavy Metals, and Its Relevance to Foodborne Pathogens

2015

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“…In a study of fecal E. coli among 180 weaner pigs in the US, in-feed copper supplementation at a growth-promoting concentration (125 ppm) was associated with reduced susceptibility to chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline in E. coli [140]. No significant effects were observed for high concentrations (3000 ppm) of added zinc.…”

Section: Impact Of Metals On Amr In Food Animal Productionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Critical Review of AMR Risks Arising as a Consequence of Using Biocides and Certain Metals in Food Animal Production

James,

Onarinde

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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The focus of this review was to assess what evidence exists on whether, and to what extent, the use of biocides (disinfectants and sanitizers) and certain metals (used in feed and other uses) in animal production (both land and aquatic) leads to the development and spread of AMR within the food chain. A comprehensive literature search identified 3434 publications, which after screening were reduced to 154 relevant publications from which some data were extracted to address the focus of the review. The review has shown that there is some evidence that biocides and metals used in food animal production may have an impact on the development of AMR. There is clear evidence that metals used in food animal production will persist, accumulate, and may impact on the development of AMR in primary animal and food production environments for many years. There is less evidence on the persistence and impact of biocides. There is also particularly little, if any, data on the impact of biocides/metal use in aquaculture on AMR. Although it is recognized that AMR from food animal production is a risk to human health there is not sufficient evidence to undertake an assessment of the impact of biocide or metal use on this risk and further focused in-field studies are needed provide the evidence required.

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“…Moreover, in some cases the effects even turned into the negative. This has been explained with an overall weakening of the gut microflora which seems to exert some vital functions for the host organism ( Shelton et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: The More the Better? – Usefulness Of Excessive Dietary Tracmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental responsibilities of livestock feeding using trace mineral supplements

Brügger

Windisch

2015

Animal Nutrition

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Trace elements are essential dietary components for livestock species. However, they also exhibit a strong toxic potential. Therefore, their fluxes through the animal organism are tightly regulated by a complex molecular machinery that controls the rate of absorption from the gut lumen as well as the amount of excretion via faeces, urine and products (e.g., milk) in order to maintain an internal equilibrium. When supplemented in doses above the gross requirement trace elements accumulate in urine and faeces and, hence, manure. Thereby, trace element emissions represent a potential threat to the environment. This fact is of particular importance in regard to the widely distributed feeding practice of pharmacological zinc and copper doses for the purpose of performance enhancement. Adverse environmental effects have been described, like impairment of plant production, accumulation in edible animal products and the water supply chain as well as the correlation between increased trace element loads and antimicrobial resistance. In the light of discussions about reducing the allowed upper limits for trace element loads in feed and manure from livestock production in the European Union excessive dosing needs to be critically reconsidered. Moreover, the precision in trace element feeding has to be increased in order to avoid unnecessary supplementation and, thereby, heavy metal emissions from livestock production.

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Effects of copper sulfate, zinc oxide, and neoterramycin on weanling pig growth and antibiotic resistance rate for fecal Escherichia coli (2009)

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Co-Selection of Resistance to Antibiotics, Biocides and Heavy Metals, and Its Relevance to Foodborne Pathogens

Co-Selection of Resistance to Antibiotics, Biocides and Heavy Metals, and Its Relevance to Foodborne Pathogens

A Critical Review of AMR Risks Arising as a Consequence of Using Biocides and Certain Metals in Food Animal Production

Environmental responsibilities of livestock feeding using trace mineral supplements

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