Effects of CpG-oligonucleotides, poly I:C and LPS on Atlantic cod scavenger endothelial cells (SEC)

Fish cell cultures as in vitro models of pro-inflammatory responses elicited by immunostimulants

“…However, it has been reported that in vitro exposure to CpG-oligonucleotides, poly I:C or LPS did not increase the endocytic activity of scavenger endothelial cells isolated from the heart atrium of Atlantic cod (G. morhua). The discrepancy with our results, in which poly I:C and LPS did increase the phagocytic index in the TPS-2 and TSS cell lines, may be due to either the different species/organ from which the cells were isolated, or to the different parameters studied, which in the case of the study by Martin-Armas et al [38] was the endocytosis mediated via scavenger-, mannose-and collagen alpha-chain-receptors, but also to the regulatory effects of factors released by the other cell types present in the cell lines.…”

“…Most studies have focused on phagocytic/ scavenger endothelial cells of the spleen, pronephros, heart and liver of different fish species [33,34,37,38]. NO production has been demonstrated in fish endothelial cells [38,39], and an increase in NO production by isolated scavenger endothelial cells isolated from the heart atrium of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after in vitro exposure to poly I:C was described by Martin-Armas et al [38].…”

Class-A scavenger receptor function and expression in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) epithelial cell lines RTgutGC and RTgill-W1

“…Naked DNA uptake was blocked by SR-A ligands in cod endocardial cells [15]. And although poly IC was shown to down-regulate SR-mediated 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 endocytosis, data in the study could be interpreted as poly IC pre-treatments blocking FSA update in endocardial SECs [17]. The present study is the first to show that dsRNA can bind to SR-As in fish cells within the context of an antiviral response.…”

“…Fucoidan, DxSO 4 and formaldehyde-treated albumin (FSA), all SR-A ligands, blocked naked DNA [15], and LPS [16] uptake in cod endocardial cells. CpG DNA and poly IC were shown to downregulate scavenger receptor function in cultured Atlantic cod scavenger endothelial cells (SECs) [17]. DxSO 4 blocked binding of an antimammalian SR-AI/II antibody in catfish nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCCs) [18].…”

Specific uptake of plasmid DNA without reporter gene expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) kidney after intramuscular administration

“…Thus, the SEC (rather than the Kupffer cells) of the rat liver, have been shown to be the major site for uptake and degradation of pDNA [28]. Correspondingly, cod heart SEC have been found to endocytose pDNA in a receptor dependent manner [17] and are modulated by treatment with the Toll-like receptor ligands CpG and Poly I:C [29]. Whether the salmon scavenger endothelial cells in kidney are active in uptake and degradation of pDNA is at present not known.…”