Drought is one of the critical conditions for the growth and productivity of many crops including mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Screening of genotypes for variations is one of the suitable strategies for evaluating crop adaptability and global food security. In this context, the study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of four drought tolerant (BARI Mung-8, BMX-08010-2, BMX-010015, BMX-08009-7), and four drought sensitive (BARI Mung-1, BARI Mung-3, BU Mung-4, BMX-05001) mung bean genotypes under wellwatered (WW) and water deficit (WD) conditions. The WW treatment maintained sufficient soil moisture (22% ± 0.5%, i.e., 30% deficit of available water) by regularly supplying water. Whereas, the WD treatment was maintained throughout the growing period, and water was applied when the wilting symptom appeared. The drought tolerant (DT) genotypes BARI Mung-8, BMX-08010-2, BMX-010015, BMX-08009-7 showed a high level of proline accumulation (2.52-5.99 mg g −1 FW), photosynthetic pigment (total chlorophyll 2.96-3.27 mg g −1 FW at flowering stage, and 1.62-2.38 mg g −1 FW at pod developing stage), plant water relation attributes including relative water content (RWC) (82%-84%), water retention capacity (WRC) (12-14) as well as lower water saturation deficit (WSD) (19%-23%), and water uptake capacity (WUC) (2.58-2.89) under WD condition, which provided consequently higher relative seed yield. These indicate that the tolerant genotypes gained better physio-