Effects of Dietary Alteration on the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome of the Rescued Bengal Slow Loris

Ni, Qingyong; Zhang, Chen; Li, Diyan; Xu, Hengyong; Yao, Yongfang; Zhang, Mingwang; Fan, Xiaolan; Zeng, Bo; Yang, Deying; Xie, Meng

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.650991

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The results indicated that the confiscated animals had stable fiber intake under the current captive diet. It was consistent with the previous study by Ni et al (2021) , which indicated that apple peel and core might significantly contribute to the fiber content for the captive Bengal slow loris.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Oral and fecal microbiome of confiscated Bengal slow lorises in response to confinement duration

Dong²,

Xing³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Slow lorises are small arboreal and nocturnal primates. Due to the illegal trade, a large number of slow lorises were confiscated into wildlife sanctuaries or rescue centers. The re-release has been considered a preferable approach for alleviating the captive pressure, but inappropriate and long-term confinement make it difficult to achieve this goal. In this study, we investigated and compared the fecal and oral microbiome of Bengal slow lorises (Nycticebus bengalensis) under long-term captivity (LC) and short-term captivity (SC) groups based on 16s rRNA high-throughput gene sequencing. The oral microbiome displayed higher Chao1 richness but lower Shannon and Simpson indices than the fecal microbiome. The Bengal slow lorises under long-term captivity had abundant pathogenic genera in both gut and oral microbiomes, such as Desulfovibrio, Actinomyces, Capnocytophaga, Neisseria, and Fusobacterium, while some specific bacterial taxa associated with intestinal balance were more enriched in the SC group. Due to the plant gum scarcity in the diet, both groups had a low abundance of Bifidobacterium. Function profile prediction indicated that the LC group was enriched with genetic information processing and metabolism pathways due to the stable food intake. The increased membrane transport and xenobiotic metabolism and degradation functions in the SC group could be explained by the function of the host microbiome in facilitating adaptation to changing environments and diets. The results demonstrated that the oral microbiome had the potential to be used as a regular surveillance tool. Also, current captive management should be improved to ensure reintroduction success.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Oral and fecal microbiome of confiscated Bengal slow lorises in response to confinement duration

Dong²,

Xing³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Extracted DNA concentration and purity were monitored using a NanoDrop One (Thermo Scientific) and 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. We amplified the hypervariable V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene using PCR primer set 338F (5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3′) and 806R (5′-GGACTA CHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′) (Ni et al, 2020). Sequencing libraries were generated using NEBNext® Ultra TM DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina® (Illumina) following the manufacturer's standards.…”

Section: Dna Extraction and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiota of gibbons across host genus and captive site in China

Lan

You

Hong

et al. 2022

American J Primatol

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Gut microbiota influences nutrient metabolism and immunity of animal hosts. Better understanding of the composition and diversity of gut microbiota contributes to conservation and management of threatened animals both in situ and ex situ. In this study, we applied 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the composition and diversity of the fecal bacterial community of four gibbon genera (Family Hylobatidae) at four Chinese zoos. The results showed that the dominant bacterial phyla were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria and dominant families were Prevotellaceae (Bacteroidetes), Spirochaetaceae (Spirochaetes) and Ruminococcaceae (Firmicutes) in the gut of all gibbons. Both captive site and host genus had significant effects on the relative abundance of dominant bacteria and structure of gut bacterial community. We found that captive site and host genus did not solely impact gut bacterial diversity, but the interaction between them did. This study provides basic knowledge for gut microbiota of all four gibbon genera and contributes to management and conservation of captive gibbons.

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“…The faecal metabolome of black howler monkeys is dominated by lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates and organic acids, similar to other species of nonhuman primates (Garber et al, 2019;Gomez et al, 2015Gomez et al, , 2016Ni et al, 2021). Some of the long-chain fatty acids prominent in the black howler monkey metabolome-palmitic acid, stearic acid and vaccenic acid-are associated with high-fat diets in mice (Daniel et al, 2014) and fruit-dominated diets in lowland gorillas (Gomez et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The faecal metabolome of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) varies in response to seasonal dietary changes

et al. 2022

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Mammals rely on the metabolic functions of their gut microbiota to meet their energetic needs and digest potentially toxic components in their diet. The gut microbiome plastically responds to shifts in host diet and may buffer variation in energy and nutrient availability. However, it is unclear how seasonal differences in the gut microbiome influence microbial metabolism and nutrients available to hosts. In this study, we examine seasonal variation in the gut metabolome of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) to determine whether those variations are associated with differences in gut microbiome composition and nutrient intake, and if plasticity in the gut microbiome buffers shortfalls in energy or nutrient intake. We integrated data on the metabolome of 81 faecal samples from 16 individuals collected across three distinct seasons with gut microbiome, nutrient intake and plant metabolite consumption data from the same period. Faecal metabolite profiles differed significantly between seasons and were strongly associated with changes in plant metabolite consumption.However, microbial community composition and faecal metabolite composition were not strongly associated. Additionally, the connectivity and stability of faecal metabolome networks varied seasonally, with network connectivity being highest during the dry, fruit-dominated season when black howler monkey diets were calorically and nutritionally constrained. Network stability was highest during the dry, leaf-dominated season when most nutrients were being consumed at intermediate rates. Our results suggest that the gut microbiome buffers seasonal variation in dietary intake, and that the buffering effect is most limited when host diet becomes calorically or nutritionally restricted.

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Effects of Dietary Alteration on the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome of the Rescued Bengal Slow Loris

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Oral and fecal microbiome of confiscated Bengal slow lorises in response to confinement duration

Oral and fecal microbiome of confiscated Bengal slow lorises in response to confinement duration

The gut microbiota of gibbons across host genus and captive site in China

The faecal metabolome of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) varies in response to seasonal dietary changes

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