Effects of dietary inclusion of soybean meal and cholesterol on the growth, cholesterol status and metabolism of the giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus)

Abstract

The study evaluated effects of cholesterol supplementation in a diet with high soybean meal (SBM) on the growth and cholesterol metabolism of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). All‐fish‐meal diet was used as control. The diet including SBM (replaced 50% of the fish meal protein, SBM diet) and the SBM diet supplemented with 10 g/kg cholesterol (SBM + cholesterol) were used as experimental diets. Three diets were each fed to triplicate groups of juvenile grouper (initial body weight: 12.39 ± 0.36 g) in a recirculating aquaculture system for 8 weeks. Grouper fed the control diet showed higher (p < .05) weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio than the other two dietary treatments. Hepatic cholesterol concentrations and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene expressions were higher in fish fed the control diet than fish fed the control diet and SBM + cholesterol diet. Hepatic cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase gene expression was higher in fish fed the SBM + cholesterol diet than that in fish fed the control diet. Results indicate that giant grouper on a diet low in cholesterol can regulate cholesterol synthesis, suggesting that the reduced dietary cholesterol intake in the fish fed diet containing SBM is sufficiently compensated by increased cholesterol synthesis.

The feasibility of partial replacement fish meal with poultry by‐products in practical diets of juvenile great sturgeon, Huso huso : Effects on growth performance, body composition, physiometabolic indices, digestibility and digestive enzymes

“…According to Gao et al (2013), lipids homeostasis is one of the principal hepatic functions, and any ascension in triglycerides of the plasma level is utilized as a symbol of hepatic dysfunction to suffer malnutrition in the course feeding trial. Higher serum cholesterol was noticed in marine fish fed low methionine and taurine in the diets (Hekmatpour et al, 2019;Meng et al, 2020). These increases concomitantly with the cessation of growth performance that corroborated our results.…”

A New Insight Into the Underlying Adaptive Strategies of Euryhaline Marine Fish to Low Salinity Environment: Through Cholesterol Nutrition to Regulate Physiological Responses

“…Moreover, because bony fish possess the ability to synthesize cholesterol ( 19 ), little attention has been paid on potential nutritional needs of bony fish for cholesterol, especially in marine fish. Previous studies on cholesterol nutrition in aquatic animals have been mainly focused on growth performance ( 15 ), cholesterol metabolism ( 20 ), interaction with phospholipids ( 21 ), and gonadal development in crustaceans ( 22 ), but detailed information on the impact of interaction between dietary cholesterol level and salinity on adaptation to low-salinity water environments of marine fish is scarce.…”

Effects of the diet based on soybean meal supplemented with soy lecithin on growth, biochemical parameters and digestibility of nutrients in grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus

“…Furthermore, taurine deficiency in SBM can depress bile synthesis and also interfere with lipid digestion and absorption (Lin & Lu, 2020; Romarheim et al, 2008). Furthermore, fish fed SBM‐fed diets exhibited an increased liver lipid content (Yong et al, 2020) and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation (Lin & Cheng, 2017; Lin & Lu, 2020; Wu et al, 2020).…”

“…In our recent work, we have tried to use SBM as a substitute for FM in the diet. However, poor lipid digestibility, high hepatic lipid content and lipid peroxidation were found in groupers receiving the diet with a high level of SBM (>300 g kg −1 ) (Lin & Cheng, 2017; Lin & Lu, 2020; Wu et al, 2020; Yong et al, 2020). To confirm the role of lecithin, a 6‐week feeding trial was planned to establish the effects of soy lecithin supplemented in a diet based on SBM on growth, body composition, biochemical parameters and digestibility of nutrients in Epinephelus lanceolatus .…”

“…Furthermore, fish fed SBM-fed diets exhibited an increased liver lipid content (Yong et al, 2020) and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation (Lin & Cheng, 2017;Wu et al, 2020).…”