Effects of Diets with Graded Levels of Deoxynivalenol on Performance in Growing Pigs

Bergsjø, Bjarne; Matre, T.; Nafstad, Inger

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1992.tb00240.x

Cited by 71 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Pigs fed diets containing 2 and 4 mg kg −1 of DON exhibited a dose-related decrease in weight gain within the first 8 weeks (Bergsjo et al 1992). The 4 mg kg −1 diet caused decreased feed intake, weight gain, and efficiency of feed utilization throughout the experiment.…”

Section: Chronic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of deoxynivalenol-induced gene expression and apoptosis

Pestka

2008

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

252

187

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Fusarium infection of agricultural staples such as wheat, barley and corn with concurrent production of deoxynivalenol (DON) and other trichothecene mycotoxins is an increasingly common problem worldwide. In addition to its emetic effects, chronic dietary exposure to DON causes impaired weight gain, anorexia, decreased nutritional efficiency and immune dysregulation in experimental animals. Trichothecenes are both immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive depending on dose, frequency and duration of exposure as well as type of immune function assay. Monocytes, macrophages, as well as T and B lymphocytes of the immune system can be cellular targets of DON and other trichothecenes. In vitro exposure to low trichothecene concentrations upregulates expression both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally of cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory genes with concurrent immune stimulation, whereas exposure to high concentrations promotes leukocyte apoptosis with concomitant immune suppression. DON and other trichothecenes, via a mechanism known as the "ribotoxic stress response", bind to ribosomes and rapidly activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The latter are important transducers of downstream signaling events related to immune response and apoptosis. Using cloned macrophages, we have identified two critical upstream transducers of DON-induced MAPK activation. One transducer is double-stranded RNA-(dsRNA)-activated protein kinase (PKR), a widely-expressed serine/theonine protein kinase that can be activated by dsRNA, interferon and other agents. The other transducer is hematopoetic cell kinase (Hck), a non-receptor associated Src oncogene family kinase. Pharmacologic inhibitors and gene suppression studies have revealed that Hck and PKR contribute to DON-induced gene expression and apoptosis. PKR, Hck and other kinases bind to the ribosome and are activated following DON interaction. Future studies will focus on the sequence of molecular events at the ribosome level that drive selective activation of these upstream kinases.

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Section: Chronic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of deoxynivalenol-induced gene expression and apoptosis

Pestka

2008

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

252

187

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“…Pair-feeding studies with pigs indicate that at the lower dose ranges, the effects of DON on growth may be explained entirely by the effects on voluntary feed intake (Rotter et al, 1995). However, Prelusky (1997) concluded that at relatively high dietary concentrations of DON (above 9 mg/kg), the deleterious effects on weight gain may not be fully explained by the Bergsjo et al (1992), Friend et al (1992), Bergsjo et al (1993), Prelusky et al (1994b), Trenholm et al (1994), and Rotter et al (1995).…”

Section: Feed Refusal Emesis and Anorexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) have been conducted with Fusarium-contaminated grain and the effects tend to be greater with such diets than with those supplemented with the pure form of the mycotoxin. In at least two instances (Bergsjo et al, 1992(Bergsjo et al, , 1993 limited quantities of other trichothecenes such as 3-ADON and NIV were also present together with ZEN. It is may be significant that other trichothecenes including NIV and T-2 toxin have been implicated in both feed refusal and anorexia in pigs (Table 1).…”

Section: Jpf D'mello Et Al / Animal Feed Science and Technology 8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium mycotoxins: a review of global implications for animal health, welfare and productivity

D’Mello

Placinta

Macdonald

1999

Animal Feed Science and Technology

554

305

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Trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisins are the major Fusarium mycotoxins occurring on a worldwide basis in cereal grains, animal feeds and forages. Other important Fusarium mycotoxins include moniliformin and fusaric acid. Spontaneous outbreaks of Fusarium mycotoxicoses have been recorded in Europe, Asia, New Zealand and South America and, in addition, chronic exposure occurs on a regular and more widespread scale. The metabolism and adverse effects of the Fusarium mycotoxins are considered in this review with particular reference to recent data on specific and proposed syndromes and to interactions among co-occurring mycotoxins. Within the trichothecene group, deoxynivalenol (DON) is associated with emesis, feed refusal and depressed feed intake in pigs, while T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) are now clearly linked with oral lesions in poultry. The gut microflora of farm livestock are able to transform DON to a de-epoxy derivative. In contrast, the ovine metabolism of ZEN results in the production of five metabolites and relatively high levels of these forms may be excreted in the urine as glucuronides. There is now undisputed evidence that ZEN and its metabolites possess estrogenic activity in pigs, cattle and sheep, but T-2 toxin has also been implicated in reproductive disorders in farm livestock. Fumonisins are positively linked with pulmonary edema in pigs, leukoencephalomalacia in equines and with deranged sphingolipid metabolism in these animals. Fusarium mycotoxins have also been provisionally implicated in ovine ill-thrift, acute mortality of poultry and in duodenitis/proximal jejunitis of horses. Several Fusarium mycotoxins may co-occur in a particular feed ingredient or in compound feedingstuffs. In general, combinations of Fusarium 50 , median lethal dose; LH, luteinizing hormone; Sa, sphinganine; So, sphingosine; ELEM, equine leukoencephalomalacia; DPJ, duodenitis/proximal jejunitis; PPE, porcine pulmonary edema 0377-8401/99/$ ± see front matter # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 7 7 -8 4 0 1 ( 9 9 ) 0 0 0 5 9 -0 mycotoxins result in additive effects, but synergistic and/or potentiating interactions have been observed and are of greater concern in livestock health and productivity. Synergistic effects have been reported between DON and fusaric acid; DON and fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ); and DAS and the Aspergillus-derived aflatoxins. Limited evidence of potentiation between FB 1 and DON or T-2 toxin has also emerged recently. Additive and synergistic effects between known and unidentified mycotoxins may account for enhanced adverse effects observed on feeding Fusarium-contaminated diets. The potential for transmission of DON into eggs and of ZEN into porcine kidney and liver has been demonstrated. However, lactational carry-over of FB 1 appears not to occur, at least in cows and sows. It is concluded that livestock health, welfare and productivity may be severely compromised by consumption of DON, T-2 toxin, DAS, ZEN and fumonisins and by interactions am...

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“…Previous studies concentrated primarily on T-2 toxin [for review see Taylor et al (1989)l while some recent work describing the effects of feeding DON-contaminated diets reported no significant changes in IgA levels (Bergsjo et al 1992(Bergsjo et al , 1993. When pigs were immunized with sheep red blood cells, a tendency was observed toward a delayed response in peak titers with increased DON contamination (Rotter et al 1994 (Trinchieri 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet on performance and blood parameters in growing swine

Rotter¹,

Thompson²,

Lessard³

1995

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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1995. Effects of deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet on performance and blood parameters in growing swine. Can. J. . An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding a deoxynivatenot (lON)-contaminated diet (4.0 mg DON kg-1 dieg on performance and blood parameters of growing pigs 1tS.O-SO.S tg body weight) over a42-dperiod. Blood simples were collected weekly from all animals. Ad libitum fed control and pair-fed control groups were used to distinguish between differences in feed intake and specific effects of the DON-containing iiet. pigs fed the DoN-diet had on average loEo lo*"t feed intake and l3vo lower weight gain compared to the control ad libitum fed pigs. At necropsy there were no differences in the absolute and relative organ weights, but the fundic region of the stomach of pigs feO the DON-diet was more comrgated than for either of the controls. Blood prohles based on weekly sampling showed transient changes in serum protein for th" boN-di"t. Serum protein decreased compared to both controls at weeks 2 and 3 followed by recovery to control vilues. The B-globulin values between weeks 2 and 4 were also depressed. The data suggest that DON may impair proiein synthesis in the liver, however, the animals were able to adapt to the dietary contamination and showed recovery by the end of the 6 wk experiment. une chute entre la 2e etla4e semaine de l'exp6rience. Il ressort de ces r6sultats que le d6oxynival6nol peut enfiaver la synthdse prot6ique dans le foie, bien que les animaux 6iaient capables de s'adapter h sa pr6sence dans les aliments h en juger par le retour d la normale observ6 au terme de 1'exp6rience de six semaines.

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Effects of Diets with Graded Levels of Deoxynivalenol on Performance in Growing Pigs

Cited by 71 publications

References 10 publications

Mechanisms of deoxynivalenol-induced gene expression and apoptosis

Mechanisms of deoxynivalenol-induced gene expression and apoptosis

Fusarium mycotoxins: a review of global implications for animal health, welfare and productivity

Effects of deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet on performance and blood parameters in growing swine

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