Effects of Different Extraction Solvents on Oil Extracted from Jatropha Seeds and the Potential of Seed Residues as a Heat Provider

Abstract

The present study focuses on the determination of oil contents of thirteen different jatropha seed collections from Ethiopia. The oil was extracted with a Soxhlet extractor using n-hexane which was selected out of four different solvents: diethyl ether, ethanol, n-heptane, and n-hexane. Cotton and thimble were used as filter for the extractions. Some properties of the oil of Chali seed collection and a sample of mixed oils (a mixture of equal volume of oils from thirteen different seed collections) were determined. The energy contents of selected de-oiled jatropha seed residues were also estimated. In the extraction with cotton and thimble, the largest percentage of oil yield was obtained from Dana seed (48.29%) and Chali seed (45.79) collections, respectively. The acid value (1.32 mg KOH/g) and percentage of free fatty acids (%FFA) (0.66%) of Chali seed oil were lower than the acid value (2.12 mg KOH/g) and %FFA (1.06%) of the mixed oil, and thus, the former oil is more suitable for alkaline-catalyzed biodiesel production. The iodine values of both Chali seed oil (116.02 g/100 g) and mixed oil (109.24 g/100 g) did not exceed the maximum standard for biodiesel according to the European EN 14214 specification, and the oils could be used for biodiesel production. The gross calorific values of de-oiled jatropha seed residues after oil extraction were found to range from 18.57 to 24.03 MJ/kg, and with the average value of 19.64 MJ/kg. Thus, the de-oiled seed residues can be used as the source of heat.

Application of soft-computing techniques for statistical modeling and optimization of Dyacrodes edulis seed oil extraction using polar and non-polar solvents

“…The seed meal from each individual sample were extracted by n-hexane (95% purity), ethanol (99% purity) and methanol/chloroform (50:50) (>99% purity) solvents ( Keneni et al., 2020 ; Tsakins et al., 1999 ). The solvent extraction process was carried out using 200ml soxhlet apparatus.…”

“…The solvent extraction process was carried out using 200ml soxhlet apparatus. About 20g of the ground meal of a particular particle size was subjected individually to the solvent extraction for a particular time duration as contained in Table 1 and temperature of 69 °C, 78 °C and 70 °C for hexane, ethanol and methanol/chloroform solvents respectively ( Keneni et al., 2020 ). The oil solutions were filtered and subjected to distillation using rotary evaporator.…”

Solvent Extraction of Jatropha Oil for Biodiesel Production: Effects of Solvent-to-Solid Ratio, Particle Size, Type of Solvent, Extraction Time, and Temperature on Oil Yield

“…Sayyar et al [28] while working on similar oil extractions reported oil yields of 47.3% and 46% w/w for n-hexane and petroleum ether, respectively, for solvent-to-solid ratio of 6 : 1 and 8h extraction time. Slightly higher values of optimum oil yields have been reported by Keneni et al [24] (48.29% w/w), Adeyinka [22] (56.69% w/w), and Yusuff [29] (56.69% w/w) while working with n-hexane for the similar materials. ese variations could be due to the various cultivars of Jatropha plant.…”

“…Solvent extraction methods have been reported to provide improved oil recoveries in the range of 90 to 99% [21][22][23][24][25][26]. e oil recovery by using this method depends on many parameters such as the type of the solvent used, reaction time, temperature, particle size of the meal, and solvent-to-meal ratio.…”

Effect Of Fruit And Cork Extract Of Ficus Lacor Buch Ham On α/β -Glucosidase, α -Amylase, Lipase, Glucose Absorption And Uptake

“…were used traditionally for treatment of diabetes mellitus. 17 Considering traditional claims, present study was undertaken to evaluate antidiabetic activity by in vitro approach and investigate the probable mechanism of Ficus Lacor Buch. Ham.…”