Effects of Different Fertilizers on Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities of Winter Wheat in the North China Plain

Abstract

The application of bioorganic fertilizer affects rhizosphere microbes and further improves soil fertility in farmlands. However, the effects of different fertilizers on rhizosphere bacterial community diversity and structure of winter wheat remains unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of different fertilization treatments (no fertilizer added, CK; nitrogen fertilizer, NF; bioorganic fertilizer, BOF) on the rhizosphere bacterial community of winter wheat in the North China Plain. Rhizosphere soil treated with BOF had a higher Shannon index than that of CK and NF. The relative abundance of the Proteobacteria treated with BOF was significantly higher than that of NF, while the Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes were significantly lower. The redundancy analysis (RDA) and Mantel test showed that soil bacterial communities were significantly correlated with pH, nitrate, available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK). Our findings indicated that BOF increased bacterial diversity and the relative abundance of copiotrophic bacteria in rhizosphere soil, while NF reduced bacterial diversity and increased the relative abundance of oligotrophic bacteria. The increase in copiotrophic bacteria in the rhizosphere of winter wheat could indicate an increase in soil nutrient availability, which might have positive implications for soil fertility and crop production.

Inorganic Chemical Fertilizer Application to Wheat Reduces the Abundance of Putative Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria

“…We combined both CI and -dependent methods to study the impact of fertilizer on microbiome community composition and diversity. Our CI results confirmed previous studies showing that fertilizer alters community structure and reduces bacterial alpha diversity in the root environment ( Jorquera et al, 2014 ; Zhu et al, 2016 ; Cui et al, 2018 ; Kavamura et al, 2018 ; Lian et al, 2018 ; Chen et al, 2019 ; Pagé et al, 2019 ; Liang et al, 2020 ). Our CD results support this as beta diversity was influenced and alpha diversity reduced by fertilizer.…”

Effects of Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on Bacterial Community Structure and Soil Enzyme Activities in North China

“…PCoA and PERMANOVA showed significant differences (p < 0.001) in bacterial community structure under different fertilization treatments, consistent with the results of Liang, who documented a clear separation of bacteria under different fertilization modes [34]. Fertilization directly affected the soil's bacterial community structure by changing nutrients in the soil and by further impacting the biological activity of bacteria in soil.…”

Fresh Compost Tea Application Does Not Change Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Community Structure, and Has No Effects on Soybean Growth or Yield

“…Tillage has been widely reported to negatively affect bacterial diversity in croplands [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The same is true for chemical fertilizers that have been shown to reduce soil functional diversity [ 14 ], and lead to community dominance by a few taxa [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Pesticides also reduce soil microbial diversity and enzymatic activity, which may compromise soil health and plant performance in the long run [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”