Effects of different re-warm up activities in football players' performance

Abstract

Warm up routines are commonly used to optimize football performance and prevent injuries. Yet, official pre-match protocols may require players to passively rest for approximately 10 to 15 minutes between the warm up and the beginning of the match. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effect of different re-warm up activities on the physical performance of football players. Twenty-Two Portuguese elite under-19 football players participated in the study conducted during the competitive season. Different re-warm up protocols were performed 6 minutes after the same standardized warm up in 4 consecutive days in a crossover controlled approach: without, eccentric, plyometric and repeated changes of direction. Vertical jump and Sprint performances were tested immediately after warm up and 12 minutes after warm up. Results showed that repeated changes of direction and plyometrics presented beneficial effects to jump and sprint. Different practical implications may be taken from the eccentric protocol since a vertical jump impairment was observed, suggesting a possibly harmful effect. The absence of re-warm up activities may be detrimental to players’ physical performance. However, the inclusion of re-warm up prior to match is a complex issue, since the manipulation of volume, intensity and recovery may positively or negatively affect the subsequent performance. In fact, this exploratory study shows that eccentric exercise may be harmful for physical performance when performed prior a football match. However, plyometric and repeated changes of direction exercises seem to be simple, quick and efficient activities to attenuate losses in vertical jump and sprint capacity after warm up. Coaches should aim to develop individual optimal exercise modes in order to optimize physical performance after re warm activities.

Effects of Warm-Up, Post-Warm-Up, and Re-Warm-Up Strategies on Explosive Efforts in Team Sports: A Systematic Review

“…The utilization of heated garments had the best effect size compared with resting in sprint (− 1.45%, d = 2.21) and jump performance (3.13%, d = 1.62). Among all the strategies, only the use of eccentric exercise was detrimental to performance, showing the worst effect on sprint (0.1%; ± 1.3) and jump performance (− 1.8%; ± 2.7) [28].…”

“…However, studies on this topic are scarce and have mostly focused on football. Four studies on the effects of a re-warm-up found that active strategies, for example, 7-8 min of running with an intensity of ~ 70% HR max [65][66][67], as well as a post-activation strategy of four sets of five jumps [28], were better for subsequent performance than the traditional interval rest. However, these results should be interpreted carefully, as one study reported that eccentric exercise could increase the decline in performance and that it should be avoided [28].…”

Impact of Active and Passive Hypoxia as Re-Warm-Up Activities on Rugby Players’ Performance

“…The full-pace exercise (20 and 30 m with COD) and the best CMJ trial were used for data analysis. This warm-up protocol is based on previous studies [12] and the total time taken was 15 min.…”

“…These physiological factors can impair performance during the breaks and the periods of inactivity. Thus, active R-WU activities during the rest period after WU, such as plyometric and repeated change-of-direction exercises, attenuate losses in jump performance and sprint capacity in team sports [12], are also physiologically key factors in rugby.…”

Pengaruh Lingkar Paha terhadap Kejadian Cedera Tungkai Atas pada Pemain Futsal

“…Protokol pra pertandingan resmi mengharuskan pemain untuk melakukan pemanasan antara 15-30 menit atau bahkan lebih lama lagi dan diakhiri antara 10-15 menit dan awal mulai pertandingan. 20 Pemanasan biasanya dimaksudkan untuk menghasilkan peningkatan suhu otot yang memungkinkan beberapa perubahan internal terjadi, seperti peningkatan aliran darah dan respons metabolisme yang dioptimalkan. Dengan demikian, pemanasan yang ideal harus memungkinkan atlet untuk mencapai kisaran suhu otot yang optimal yang membatasi kelelahan sebanyak mungkin sambil memaksimalkan kinerja.…”