Context:Irrational use of antibacterial drugs in Community Health-Care Centers (CHCs) may lead to increased resistance, morbidity, and mortality.Aims:The aim of this study was to determine patterns of antibacterial use at CHCs in a district of Indonesia and use this as data for an antibiotic policy.Settings and Design:The observational-descriptive study was conducted in a district of Indonesia to obtain antibacterial use from 2008 to 2010.Subjects and Methods:The data obtained from the report on the use of medicines were classified and processed using the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) and defined daily doses (DDD) method, with DDD/1000 patients as a unit measurement. The number of patients was obtained from attending patients in that research period. The most abundant antibacterial drugs use segment was identified by the drug utilization 90% (DU90%) method.Statistical Analysis Used:Descriptive analysis were performed in this study.Results:Fourteen kinds of antibacterial drugs were used in 61 CHCs. The total of antibacterial drug use during the period 2008–2010 was 871.36 DDD/1000 patients/day. Declining antibacterial use was observed between 2008 and 2010. Six kinds of antibacterial drugs were the most commonly used. The data show that the average use per visit was as high as 24.41 DDD.Conclusions:Amoxicillin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are antibacterials that have to be reconsidered by physicians for use in the Bandung CHC. The high use of antibacterial drugs, as described in the study, can be used as reference to develop an antimicrobial stewardship program and increase awareness of resistance, adverse drug reaction and drug interaction of antibacterial drugs.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan e-schoology materi getaran dan gelombang untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa sekolah menengah pertama yang valid dan praktis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pengembangan dengan model pengembangan Alessi dan Trollip yang terdiri dari tiga tahapan yaitu perencanaan, desain, dan pengembangan. Sampel penelitian pada saat uji beta berjumlah tiga siswa yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling yang dapat mewakili siswa berkemampuan tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar validasi dan angket tanggapan siswa. Berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan pada tahap perencanaan diketahui bahwa 100% siswa memiliki smartphone dan sebanyak 72,50% mengakses internet setiap hari.  Semua siswa pernah menggunakan e-learning seperti Telegram dan WhatsApps tetapi belum pernah menggunakan e-schoology dalam pembelajaran. Pada tahap desain dilakukan pembuatan flowchart dan storyboard sebagai pedoman dalam pengembangan e-schoology. Tahap pengembangan diawali dengan memproduksi prototipe pertama, melakukan uji alpa, dan melakukan uji beta. Dari hasil uji alpa yang kedua diperoleh persentase dapat diterima sebesar 100%. Persentase dapat diterima dari hasil uji beta yang kedua sebesar 100%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, e-schoology materi getaran dan gelombang yang dikembangkan telah valid dan praktis sehingga layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran IPA di sekolah menengah pertama.   This study aims to produce e-Schoology material on vibrations and waves to improve the critical thinking skills of junior high school students that are valid and practical. This research uses development research methods. This research uses development research method with Alessi and Trollip development model which consists of three stages, namely planning, design, and development. The research sample in the beta test consisted of three students who were taken by purposive sampling technique that could represent students with high, medium, and low abilities. The instruments used in this study were validation sheets and student response questionnaires. Based on the needs analysis at the planning stage, it is known that 100% of students have smartphones and 72.50% access the internet every day. All students have used e-learning such as Telegram and WhatsApps but have never usede-schoology in learning. At the design stage, flowcharts and storyboards are made as guidelines in the development of e-schoology. The development phase begins with producing the first prototype, performing an alpha test, and performing a beta test. From the results of the second alpha test obtained an acceptable percentage of 100%. Percentage can be accepted from the results of the second beta test of 100%. Based on the results of this study, the e-Schoology of vibration and wave materials developed was valid and practical so that it was suitable for use in science learning in junior high schools.

In a period of 5 years (19.962 million) the number of shipping companies in Indonesia increased from 1,156 into 1,724 pieces, or increased 568 companies (an average increase of 10.5% pa). While the strength of the national shipping fleet enlarged, from 6.156 into 9.195 units (an average increase of 11.3% pa). But in terms of haulage capacity rose only slightly, namely from 6,654,753 into 7,715,438 DWT. Means the average capacity of the national shipping company declined. Throughout this period, the volume of sea trade grew 3% pa The volume of freight rose from 379,776,945 tonnes (1996) to 417,287,411 tonnes (2000), or an increase of 51,653,131 tons within five years, but not all of that growth can be met by the capacity of the national shipping company ( Indonesian-flagged vessels), even for domestic shipping (between ports in Indonesia). In 2000, the number of foreign ships which reached 1,777 units with a capacity of 5,122,307 DWT domestic load scooped by 17 million tonnes or about 31%.As a result, the Indonesian shipping industry is currently very poor. National shipping companies compete in national and international shipping market, due to weakness in all aspects, such as size, age, technology, and speed boats. In the field of international cargo (export / import) share of the national shipping company is only about 3% to 5%, with a declining trend (see Table below). These proportions are very unbalanced and unhealthy for the growth of the national shipping fleet strength.

Model Pembelajaran dengan Strategi Kooperatif Tipe STAD untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman dan Penalaran Matematika Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui Model Pembelajaran dengan Strategi Kooperatif Tipe STAD apakah dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman dan penalaran matematika siswa sekolah menengah kejuruan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI TKJ 1 dan kelas XI TKJ 2 di SMKN 3 Seluma. Uji persyaratan analisis data yang digunakan adalah Uji Normalitas (Uji Liliefors) dan Uji Homogenitas (Uji Fisher). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar tes Kemampuan pemahaman dan kemampuan penalaran matematika siswa berbentuk uraian, lembar observasi, Lembar Kerja Siswa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji Anava Campuran (Anava Mixed Design). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Model Pembelajaran dengan Strategi Kooperatif Tipe STAD dapat Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman dan Penalaran Matematika Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan. Kata kunci: Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD, kemampuan pemahaman dan penalaran matematika.

This psychophysics experiment of Eriksen Flanker Task experiment is built in four independent variables (stimuli, gender, GPA, and trial type) with one dependent variable (RTs). CAF was also examined between stimuli arrow and letter. The data was analyzed using four-way ANOVA. The result revealed that 1) Arrow stimuli needed few RTs than letter stimuli (F value = 17.964, and p-value = 2.34e-05). 2) In gender, there was a significantly different effect of RTs between female and male groups(F value = 91.203, p-value = 2e-16 (p < 0.001). 3) In trial type, incongruent trial required more RTs than congruent trial (F value = 144.569, p-value = <2e-16 (p < 0.001). 4) Arrow stimuli was more accurate than letter with t-value = 6.4099, df = 2220.5, p-value = 1.773e-10. The result found the differences between the stimuli were caused by horizontal and vertical attention, so were in trial-type with parallel and focus phase. Across gender,the male group has proven to be faster in both stimuli than the female counterpart. This RTs pattern suggest that in conflict flanker task research, people tend to show the same architecture processing. Therefore the finding is quite universal in several research.