Effects of Early Malnutrition on Mental System, Metabolic Syndrome, Immunity and the Gastrointestinal Tract

He, Zhixiong; Sun, Zhihong; Liu, Shimin; Zhang, Qingli; Tan, Zhiliang

doi:10.1292/jvms.71.1143

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…It has been shown that protein deficient diets significantly decreased body and organ weight and length of rats compared with control animals [16,17]. We also observed these relations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Experimental immunology The effect of vitamin B 6 supplementation of protein deficiency diet on hematological parameters in the blood of rats subjected/non subjected to physical exertion – a pilot study

Lewicka¹,

Lewicki²,

Zdanowski³

et al. 2012

cejoi

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“…It has been shown that protein deficient diets significantly decreased body and organ weight and length of rats compared with control animals [16,17]. We also observed these relations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…It also affects cardiovascular and immunology system due to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and anemia syndrome or disturb growth and development of thymus and spleen [3,17,25]. Protect role against protein deficiency in cardiovascular and immune system can play vitamin B 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental immunology The effect of vitamin B 6 supplementation of protein deficiency diet on hematological parameters in the blood of rats subjected/non subjected to physical exertion – a pilot study

Lewicka¹,

Lewicki²,

Zdanowski³

et al. 2012

cejoi

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“…2001). In addition, poor cognitive performance of children has been related to stunting (≤−2 HAZ), diarrheal disease and parasitic infections in which malnutrition has a role (He et al . 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Undernutrition also contributes to sensory impairment and lethargy (Hall et al 2001). In addition, poor cognitive performance of children has been related to stunting (Յ-2 HAZ), diarrheal disease and parasitic infections in which malnutrition has a role (He et al 2009). Overall for both mothers and the children in our study, the mean cognitive test scores were generally less than half of the maximum possible score.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional status and cognitive performance of mother–child pairs in Sidama, Southern Ethiopia

Bogale¹,

Stoecker²,

Kennedy³

et al. 2011

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status and cognitive performance of women and their 5-year-old children using a cross-sectional design. Cognitive performance of mothers and children was assessed with Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM) and Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II (KABC-II). Demographic characteristics, food consumption patterns and anthropometry were also measured. Four rural districts in Sidama, southern Ethiopia served as the setting for this study. Subjects were one hundred women and their 5-year-old children. Mean ± standard deviation age of the mothers was 29 ± 6 years and family size was 7.0 ± 2.6. Maternal body mass index (BMI) ranged from 15.3 to 29.0 with 14% of the mothers having BMI < 18.5. Anthropometric assessment of children revealed 29% to be stunted (height-for-age z-score < -2) and 12% to be underweight (weight-for-age z-score < -2). Mothers' education significantly contributed to prediction of both mothers' and children's cognitive test scores. There were significant differences in mean cognitive test scores between stunted and non-stunted, and between underweight and normal-weight children. Height-for-age z-scores were correlated with scores for short-term memory (r = 0.42, P < 0.001), and visual processing (r = 0.42, P < 0.001) indices and weight-for-age z-scores were also correlated with scores of short-term memory (r = 0.41, P < 0.001) and visual processing (r = 0.43, P < 0.001) indices. Malnutrition in the community likely contributed to the cognitive performance of the subjects. Performance on memory and visual processing tasks was significantly lower in children with growth deficits suggesting that efficient and cost effective methods to alleviate malnutrition and food insecurity would impact not only child health but also cognitive function.

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“…It has been also proposed that adverse fetal environments, such as suboptimal supply of maternal nutrients, lead to permanent alternation in fetal cognitive functions and greater prevalence of metabolic syndromes (He et al 2009). Bloomfield et al (2003) demonstrated that maternal nutritional restriction of protein and energy resulted in a temporary effect on fetal weight but enduring changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in sheep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unchanged interleukin 6 level of protein and energy restricted goats during late gestation: the role of elevated blood nitric oxide

Tan²,

Sun³

et al. 2012

Journal of Endocrinology

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Twelve pregnant goats were assigned to three dietary treatments during late gestation, namely control (C: metabolizable energy, 5 . 75 MJ/kg; crude protein, 12 . 6% and dry matter basis), 40% protein restricted (PR) and 40% energy restricted (ER), to examine the effects of nutrient restriction on the immune status of pregnant goats. Plasma was sampled on day 90, 125 and 145 from pregnant goats to determine cytokine production (interleukin 2 (IL2), IL6) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa)). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained on day 145 and activated by lipopolysaccharide to determine cytokine production, and then exposed (PR and ER) to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, or control to NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), an NO synthase inhibitor to explore the role of NO in regulating cytokine production. Plasma IL2, IL6 and TNFa were not altered during gestation, but NO was increased (P!0 . 05) at gestation day 145 for PR and ER. In vitro, compared with control, NO was lower for PR and ER (P!0 . 001), but IL6 was higher for PR (P!0 . 001) and ER (PZ0 . 11). The addition of SNP decreased IL6 (P!0 . 001, PR; PZ0 . 12, ER) in the malnourished group, and L-NAME increased (P!0 . 001) IL6 in control compared to those treatments without SNP or L-NAME. The results indicate that plasma NO acted as a regulator of cytokine function exhibiting negative feedback to maintain steady plasma IL6 concentration in PR or ER goats during late gestation.

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Effects of Early Malnutrition on Mental System, Metabolic Syndrome, Immunity and the Gastrointestinal Tract

Cited by 18 publications

References 93 publications

Experimental immunology The effect of vitamin B 6 supplementation of protein deficiency diet on hematological parameters in the blood of rats subjected/non subjected to physical exertion – a pilot study

Experimental immunology The effect of vitamin B 6 supplementation of protein deficiency diet on hematological parameters in the blood of rats subjected/non subjected to physical exertion – a pilot study

Nutritional status and cognitive performance of mother–child pairs in Sidama, Southern Ethiopia

Unchanged interleukin 6 level of protein and energy restricted goats during late gestation: the role of elevated blood nitric oxide

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