Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on the hematological parameters of a temperate catshark

Pegado, Maria Rita; Santos, Catarina; Pimentel, Marta S.; Cyrne, Ricardo; Paulo, Maria Teresa; Maulvaut, Ana Luísa; Raffoul, Dayanne; Diniz, Mário; Bispo, Regina; Rosa, Rui

doi:10.1002/jez.2333

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, investigating the impact of OA on shark reproduction and life cycles has been carried out mostly in the laboratory due to logistic issues. Embryonic duration appears to be unaffected by elevated CO2 in all shark species tested to date, such as the tropical benthic shark and the whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) [9,36]. Results from the articles covered in this review indicate that larvae (a developmental stage of bony fish) are generally more sensitive than embryos, juveniles, and adults [36].…”

Section: No Papersmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The first response of animals to environmental change is expected to be behavioral, impacting species interactions and ecological processes [64] In addition, anthropogenic activities are specifically responsible for a major decline in the world's biodiversity, possibly accelerating extinction rates to 1000-10,000 times the natural rate [63,65]. Anthropogenic activities and stressors affecting organisms and ecosystems rarely occur in isolation [66] and are also dramatically increasing shark vulnerability worldwide, mostly through overfishing and habitat degradation [9]. An estimated 100 million sharks are killed by commercial fisheries every year, and a quarter of all shark species have an elevated risk of extinction [67,68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, according to Pinto [30], sharks exposed to high-CO2 conditions spend a smaller percentage of their time swimming. Changes in swimming behavior have been reported in both adults and juveniles [2,9,29,30,45].…”

Section: No Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elasmobranchs are in a state of decline globally, with more than one-third (37.5%) of all species threatened by extinction [6,7]. New global reassessment reveals that 167 out of 536 (31.2%) sharks are threatened by extinction, and up to 75.7% of the coastal sharks [6].Shark biodiversity, abundance, and distribution have already been altered, with dramatic declines through direct mortality (overexploitation and bycatch, habitat loss, and more), but also via the sub-lethal effects of environmental stressors [2,4,8,9]. These not fully understood sublethal stressors may have fitness consequences [10], leading to a continuing decline in vitality and adaptability to the new environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atmospheric CO2 concentration has risen above 415 ppm for the first time in human history [13] and is predicted to reach ~800 ppm [14] or even ~900 ppm by the end of the 21st century [9,14]. According to the business-as-usual emissions scenario, it could reach 1000 ppm [10,13,15] and even higher in some coastal areas [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of the Behavioural Changes and Physiological Adjustments of Elasmobranchs and Teleost’s to Ocean Acidification with a Focus on Sharks

Zemah-Shamir

Scheinin

et al. 2022

Fishes

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In recent years, much attention has been focused on the impact of climate change, particularly via ocean acidification (OA), on marine organisms. Studying the impact of OA on long-living organisms, such as sharks, is especially challenging. When the ocean waters absorb anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), slow-growing shark species with long generation times may be subjected to stress, leading to a decrease in functionality. Our goal was to examine the behavioral and physiological responses of sharks to OA and the possible impacts on their fitness and resilience. We conducted a systematic review in line with PRISMA-Analyses, of previously reported scientific experiments. We found that most studies used CO2 partial pressures (pCO2) that reflect representative concentration pathways for the year 2100 (e.g., pH ~7.8, pCO2 ~1000 μatm). Since there is a considerable knowledge gap on the effect of OA on sharks, we utilized existing data on bony fish to synthesize the available knowledge. Given the similarities between the behaviors and physiology of these two superclasses’ to changes in CO2 and pH levels, there is merit in including the available information on bony fish as well. Several studies indicated a decrease in shark fitness in relation to increased OA and CO2 levels. However, the decrease was species-specific and influenced by the intensity of the change in atmospheric CO2 concentration and other anthropogenic and environmental factors (e.g., fishing, temperature). Most studies involved only limited exposure to future environmental conditions and were conducted on benthic shark species studied in the laboratory rather than on apex predator species. While knowledge gaps exist, and more research is required, we conclude that anthropogenic factors are likely contributing to shark species’ vulnerability worldwide. However, the impact of OA on the long-term stability of shark populations is not unequivocal.

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Section: No Papersmentioning

confidence: 88%