Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on monoterpene emission of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Räisänen, Tommi; Ryyppö, Aija; Kellomäki, Seppo

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.023

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For the emissions, the studies have found a non-significant effect of elevated CO 2 (Constable et al, 1999;Li et al, 2009;Llorens et al, 2009;Peñuelas and Llusià, 1997) or an increase or a decrease under high CO 2 , depending on species and time of sampling (Llorens et al, 2009). In Räisänen et al (2008b), elevated CO 2 alone did not affect the emissions, but a combination of high growth temperature and elevated CO 2 resulted in greater emissions. Obviously, additional experimental work simultaneously analyzing the alterations in emissions, foliage anatomy and monoterpene pool sizes is needed to gain conclusive insight into growth CO 2 -driven changes in species with specialized terpene storage pools.…”

Section: Growth Co 2 Effects In Terpene-storing Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emission factor of volatile isoprenoids: stress, acclimation, and developmental responses

et al. 2010

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Abstract. The rate of constitutive isoprenoid emissions from plants is driven by plant emission capacity under specified environmental conditions (E S , the emission factor) and by responsiveness of the emissions to instantaneous variations in environment. In models of isoprenoid emission, E S has been often considered as intrinsic species-specific constant invariable in time and space. Here we analyze the variations in species-specific values of E S under field conditions focusing on abiotic stresses, past environmental conditions and developmental processes. The reviewed studies highlight strong stress-driven, adaptive (previous temperature and light environment and growth CO 2 concentration) and developmental (leaf age) variations in E S values operating at medium to long time scales. These biological factors can alter species-specific E S values by more than an order of magnitude. While the majority of models based on early concepts still ignore these important sources of variation, recent models are including some of the medium-to long-term controls. However, conceptually different strategies are being used for incorporation of these longer-term controls with important practical implications for parameterization and application of these models. This analysis emphasizes the need to include more biological realism in the isoprenoid emission models and also highlights the gaps in knowledge that require further experimental work to reduce the model uncertainties associated with biological sources of variation.

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Section: Growth Co 2 Effects In Terpene-storing Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emission factor of volatile isoprenoids: stress, acclimation, and developmental responses

et al. 2010

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“…Increasing CO 2 concentrations may inhibit isoprene emissions (Sharkey et al, 1991;Rosenstiel et al, 2003;Possell et al, 2005;Arneth et al, 2007a) potentially offsetting some of the increased emissions due to higher temperature and changes in vegetation (Table 1). Raisanen et al (2008) showed that a combination of increased CO 2 and temperature can substantially increase monoterpene emissions from Scots Pine trees, but the individual effects were small.…”

Section: Response Of Bvoc Emissions To Environmental Changementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system

et al. 2010

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Abstract.The natural environment is a major source of atmospheric aerosols, including dust, secondary organic material from terrestrial biogenic emissions, carbonaceous particles from wildfires, and sulphate from marine phytoplankton dimethyl sulphide emissions. These aerosols also have a significant effect on many components of the Earth system such as the atmospheric radiative balance and photosynthetically available radiation entering the biosphere, the supply of nutrients to the ocean, and the albedo of snow and ice. The physical and biological systems that produce these aerosols can be highly susceptible to modification due to climate change so there is the potential for important climate feedbacks. We review the impact of these natural systems on atmospheric aerosol based on observations and models, including the potential for long term changes in emissions and the feedbacks on climate. The number of drivers of change is very large and the various systems are strongly coupled. There have therefore been very few studies that integrate the various effects to estimate climate feedback factors. Nevertheless, available observations and model studies suggest that the regional radiative perturbations are potentially several Watts per square metre due to changes in these natural aerosol emissions in a future climate. Taking into account only the direct radiative effect of changes in the atmospheric burden of natural aerosols, and neglecting potentially large effects on other parts of the Earth system, a global mean radiative perturbation approaching 1 W m −2 is possible by the end of the century. The level of scientific understanding of the climate drivers, interactions and impacts is very low.

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“…This is consistent with observations in Hyytiällä forest in Finland that sesquiterpene emissions from Scots pine are only 2-5% of the total monoterpene emission rates, with emissions ceasing in September (Tarvainen et al, 2005). According to the measurements made in two locations in Finland, the major emitted compounds from Scots pine are α-pinene, β-pinene and 3 -carene, with approximate contributions of 60-85% to the total observed monoterpene emission rates, although late in autumn β-phellandrene can make 20% of total monoterpene emission (Räisänen et al, 2008). Lindfors and Laurila (2000) estimated that total biogenic VOC emissions from Finnish forest are dominated by monoterpenes, which contribute approximately 45%, while in deciduous trees the percentage can be as low as 10-15% (Mäntylä et al, 2008), and isoprene emissions are only 7% of the annual total.…”

Section: Scots Pine Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In E1c and E3, there was no detectable 3 -carene, with E1c exhibiting a very high contribution of β-pinene to total VOC emissions. The variations in relative emissions of species, specially α-pinene, β-phellandrene, limonene, and 3 -carene, may be due to emission rates that were sensitive to ambient environmental conditions (Räisänen et al, 2008, Tarvainen et al, 2005 and the frequency of 3 -carene-rich genotype (Manninen et al, 1998). Field results in Finnish forests have demonstrated the dependence of monoterpene emission rates on environmental temperature and light intensity (Räisänen et al, 2008;Tarvainen et al, 2005).…”

Section: Scots Pine Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New particle formation from the oxidation of direct emissions of pine seedlings

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Measurements of particle formation following the gas phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings are reported. Particle formation and condensational growth both from ozone (O 3 ) and hydroxyl radical (OH) initiated oxidation of pine emissions (about 20-120 ppb) were investigated in a smog chamber. During experiments, tetramethylethylene (TME) and 2-butanol were added to control the concentrations of O 3 and OH. Particle formation and condensational growth rates were interpreted with a chemical kinetic model. Scots pine emissions mainly included α-pinene, β-pinene, 3 -carene, limonene, myrcene and β-phellandrene, composing more than 95% of total emissions. Modeled OH concentrations in the O 3 -and OH-induced experiments were on the order of ∼10 6 molecules cm −3 . Our results demonstrate that OH-initiated oxidation of VOCs plays an important role in the nucleation process during the initial new particle formation stage. The highest average particle formation rate of 360 cm −3 s −1 was observed for the OH-dominated nucleation events and the lowest formation rate of less than 0.5 cm −3 s −1 was observed for the case with only O 3 present as an oxidant. In contrast to the particle formation process, ozonolysis of monoterpenes appears to be much more efficient to the aerosol growth process following nucleation.Correspondence to: L. Q. Hao (liqing@uku.fi) Higher contributions of more oxygenated products to the SOA mass loadings from OH-dominated oxidation systems were found as compared to the ozonolysis systems. Comparison of mass and volume distributions from the aerosol mass spectrometer and differential mobility analyzer yields estimated SOA effective densities of 1.34±0.06 g cm −3 for the OH+O 3 oxidation systems and 1.38±0.03 g cm −3 for the O 3 dominated chemistry.

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Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on monoterpene emission of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Cited by 49 publications

References 37 publications

The emission factor of volatile isoprenoids: stress, acclimation, and developmental responses

The emission factor of volatile isoprenoids: stress, acclimation, and developmental responses

A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system

New particle formation from the oxidation of direct emissions of pine seedlings

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