Effects of exercise training on the chemical composition of plasma LDL.

Houmard, Joseph A.; Bruno, Noemi; Bruner, R. K.; McCammon, Michael R.; Israel, R. G.; Barakat, Hisham A.

doi:10.1161/01.atv.14.3.325

Cited by 46 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…In studies that have reported an increase in HDL cholesterol 38 and a decrease in LDL cholesterol 39 and triglycerides, 40,41 subjects have usually trained at between 70% to 90% of their predetermined maximum heart rate, 3 to 5 times per week for at least 14 weeks. [41][42][43] Furthermore, Superko reported jogging for at least 6 km/wk for 7 months was required to induce a change in lipid profile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Training Increases Basal Nitric Oxide Production From the Forearm in Hypercholesterolemic Patients

Lewis

Dart

Chin-Dusting

et al. 1999

ATVB

109

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Abstract-The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cycle training on basal nitric oxide (NO) production and endothelium-dependent dilator capacity in hypercholesterolemic patients in whom acetylcholine responsiveness is impaired. Nine sedentary hypercholesterolemic volunteers (total plasma cholesterol Ͼ6.0 mmol/L; 2 female) aged 44Ϯ3 years (meanϮSEM) participated in the study. Subjects remained sedentary for 4 weeks and performed 4 weeks of home-based cycle training (3ϫ30 minutes/week at 65% maximum oxygen consumption [VO 2 max]) in a randomized order. Arteriovenous nitrate/nitrite (NO x ) gradient was assessed and plethysmography was used to measure the forearm blood flow responses to arterial infusions of acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and N G mono methyl L-arginine. Training increased VO 2 max from 30.4Ϯ1.9 to 34.3Ϯ1.4 mL ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1 (Pϭ0.01). Intrabrachial diastolic blood pressure was reduced from 70Ϯ3 to 68Ϯ3 mm Hg (Pϭ0.02) with training, whereas systolic pressure did not change. Plasma triglycerides and total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol were not different between interventions. In the sedentary state, there was a positive forearm arteriovenous difference in plasma NO x indicating net extraction (6.8Ϯ4.0 nmol ⅐ 100 mL Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1 ), whereas in the trained state this difference was negative, indicating net production (Ϫ5.8Ϯ5.8 nmol ⅐ 100 mL Key Words: exercise Ⅲ endothelium-dependent vasodilation Ⅲ acetylcholine Ⅲ lipids Ⅲ hyperlipidemia N itric oxide (NO) has received much recent attention as one potential mediator of some of the vascular benefits derived from regular exercise. 1 A number of studies in both animals and humans have recognized that endothelially derived NO plays a role in blood flow regulation during acute, dynamic exercise. 2 In particular, it has been postulated that vasodilatation in active muscle promotes a pressure gradient and thus increased blood flow that stimulates NO production from upstream arteries. 3 NO mediated dilation of "feed" arteries can therefore permit increased microvascular flow without reduction in muscle perfusion pressure. With regular exercise it appears that there are adaptations in this system that may be partly responsible for the reduction in cardiovascular risk associated with the trained state.Studies in rats and rabbits have provided evidence for enhanced aortic endothelial dependent vasodilatation and basal release of NO with exercise training. 4 -8 Importantly, similar improvements in response to training have been observed in the coronary vasculature of pigs and dogs. 9 -14 All training related studies of endothelial function in humans have been carried out in peripheral vessels. Our laboratory has shown that 4 weeks of cycle training increases basal production of NO from the forearm. 15 In this study, forearm blood flow and blood viscosity were elevated by 230% and 16%, respectively, immediately after a single 30-minute bout of exercise, and 60 minutes after cessation of exercise, forearm blood flow remained elevated by 75%. W...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Training Increases Basal Nitric Oxide Production From the Forearm in Hypercholesterolemic Patients

Lewis

Dart

Chin-Dusting

et al. 1999

ATVB

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For example, exercise-induced fat loss was significantly associated with increases in HDL cholesterol 55 , changes in the LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio 56 , fasting TAG concentrations 56,57 and with changes in the chemical composition of LDL (more cholesterol-enriched and protein-poor) 57 . Changes in the amount and distribution of body fat with exercise thus probably contribute towards the effects on lipoprotein metabolism attributable to exercise.…”

Section: Health Benefit From Enhanced Metabolic Capacity For Tag-richmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of physical activity and diet: implications for lipoprotein metabolism

Hardman

1999

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To consider how physical activity interacts with diet to modify lipoprotein metabolism and comment on implications for human health. Design: An overview of lipoprotein metabolism is followed by a summary of the main effects of physical activity on lipoprotein metabolism. Interactions with dietary practice and the disposition of dietary lipid are reviewed, with comment on links with body fatness. Setting: Literature is reviewed in relation to the risk of atherosclerotic disease. Subjects: Although some data are presented on athletic groups, evidence relating to individuals with normal physical activity habits is mainly discussed. Results: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and one mechanism may involve changes to lipoprotein metabolism. The consensus is that aerobic activity involving an expenditure of у 8 MJ ⋅ week −1 results in an increase in HDL cholesterol and probably decreases in fasting triacylglycerol. These changes occur despite the spontaneous increase in the proportion of dietary energy from carbohydrate which accompanies increased exercise. For this reason, exercise may be a means of reducing the hypertriglyceridaemic and HDL-lowering effects of low fat (high carbohydrate) diets. Decreases in total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol are sometimes, but not always, reported in sedentary individuals beginning exercise. One mechanism linking all these changes may be alterations to the dynamics of triacylglycerol-rich particles, particularly in the fed state. Conclusions:The expenditure of considerable amounts of energy through regular, frequent physical activity increases the turnover of lipid substrates, with effects on their transport and disposition which may reduce the progression of atherosclerosis. Keywords Key messagesX Men and women who are physically active, even at a moderate level of intensity, experience a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. X This may be in part attributable to their characteristically high concentrations of plasma HDL cholesterol and low concentrations of triglycerides. X These characteristics may be attributable to improved transport and disposition of dietary fat during the hours following a fat-containing meal. X Like other effects on metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (lowering of blood pressure, increase in insulin sensitivity), the effects of exercise on postprandial triglyceride metabolism are shortlived. X Regular, frequent exercise is recommended to modify lipoprotein metabolism. This can be of moderate intensity provided that sufficient energy is expended.

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“…48 The role of smoking in oxLDL has been documented previously. [20][21][22][23] Few studies indicated an effect of physical activity on the chemical composition of LDL, 49,50 and it is unknown whether physical activity influences oxLDL-Ab or oxLDL-ICs. Therefore, screening children and young adults for abnormal levels of oxLDLICs may set the stage for prevention trials using vitamin E supplementation.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Apolipoprotein A Phenotypes and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Immune Complexes in Children

Islam

Gutin²,

Treiber³

et al. 1999

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Effects of exercise training on the chemical composition of plasma LDL.

Cited by 46 publications

References 50 publications

Exercise Training Increases Basal Nitric Oxide Production From the Forearm in Hypercholesterolemic Patients

Exercise Training Increases Basal Nitric Oxide Production From the Forearm in Hypercholesterolemic Patients

Interaction of physical activity and diet: implications for lipoprotein metabolism

Association of Apolipoprotein A Phenotypes and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Immune Complexes in Children

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