Effects of fish oil with difference oxidation degree on growth performance and expression abundance of antioxidant and fat metabolism genes in orange spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides

Abstract

The present study was designed to assess the effects of fish oil with different oxidation degree on growth performance, serum biochemistry parameters and expressive abundance of oxidative stress and fat metabolism genes of orange spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides. The oxidized fish oil was conducted as follows: storage temperature: 4°C, ambient temperature (AT, [31.5 ± 3.5]°C); storage time: 45, 90, 135 days; antioxidant contents: 30 mg/kg (ethoxyquin [EQ]), 300 mg/kg Higher EQ (HEQ). According to the different treated conditions, 14 kinds of fish oil with different oxidation degree were obtained: T F+EQ [positive control (fresh oil + EQ)],T AT+135d+EQ , T AT+135d+HEQ . Groupers were fed isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing 14 kinds of fish oil for 8 weeks, respectively. The results showed that survival, weight gain rate and thermal growth coefficient decreased as oxidation degree of dietary fish oil increased (p < 0.05). Higher serum total protein, triglyceride and glucose were observed with ascending oxidation degree of fish oil (p < 0.05). The genes expression levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were up-regulated with dietary oxidized level increasing (p < 0.05). In addition, the similar status also appeared in expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) genes. In conclusion, the fish oil would show negative influence on the fish health until peroxide value and p-anisidine value in oil exceed 12.96 meq/kg and 20.89. The best storage condition for fish oil is 4°C, 45 days and 30 mg/kg EQ which could keep fish oil available property to grouper. K E Y W O R D Santioxidant, fat metabolism, grouper, growth, oxidized fish oil

The Protective Effect of Taurine on Oxidized Fish-Oil-Induced Liver Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Barrier-Function Impairment in Juvenile Ictalurus punctatus

“…In this study, oxidized-fish-oil diets significantly reduced the growth performance of channel catfish, which is similar to results obtained in juvenile hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ Epinephelus lanceolatus ) [ 24 ], farmed tilapia [ 6 ], orange spotted grouper [ 5 ], and yellow catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ) [ 25 ]. One of the reasons is that toxic and harmful substances such as lipid hydroperoxides, ketones, aldehydes, and acids are produced after oxidation of fish oil, which induces oxidative stress, leads to inflammatory response, and then inhibits growth [ 5 ]. Another reason is that oxidized fish oil has reduced nutritional value compared with non-oxidized fish oil [ 26 ].…”

“…Compared with soybean oil, fish oil has a high content of unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and a good feeding attraction effect, so it is the best lipid source for aquatic animals [ 2 , 3 ]. However, EPA and DHA are easily oxidized during the storage and processing of fish oil and feed, producing harmful substances such as lipid hydroperoxides, ketones, aldehydes, and acids [ 4 , 5 ]. Studies have also reported that feeding an oxidized-fish-oil diet has been found to decrease growth performance and cause oxidative stress of tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) [ 6 ], Wuchang bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala ) [ 7 ], and orange spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides ) [ 5 ], disrupt lipid metabolism of Rhynchocypris lagowski Dybowski [ 8 ], and induce intestinal injury of Megalobrama amblycephala [ 9 ] and rice field eel ( Monopterus albus ) [ 10 ].…”

“…However, EPA and DHA are easily oxidized during the storage and processing of fish oil and feed, producing harmful substances such as lipid hydroperoxides, ketones, aldehydes, and acids [ 4 , 5 ]. Studies have also reported that feeding an oxidized-fish-oil diet has been found to decrease growth performance and cause oxidative stress of tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) [ 6 ], Wuchang bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala ) [ 7 ], and orange spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides ) [ 5 ], disrupt lipid metabolism of Rhynchocypris lagowski Dybowski [ 8 ], and induce intestinal injury of Megalobrama amblycephala [ 9 ] and rice field eel ( Monopterus albus ) [ 10 ]. Therefore, exploring effective dietary strategies is imperative to alleviate the negative effects of oxidized-fish-oil diets on aquatic animals.…”

Effects of starvation stress on jade perch scortum barcoo based on proteomics analysis

“…This analysis uses KOBAS (http://kobas.cbi.pku.edu.cn/home.do) for KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the relevant parameter -mf (statistic method, f is Fisher's exact test), indicating the use of Fisher's accurate test method for statistics, -n BH (false discovery rate (FDR) correction method:), indicating that the false discovery rate method is used for verification to control the calculation of the false positive rate, the corrected p value 0.05 is the threshold, and the KEGG pathway that satisfies this condition is defined as the KEGG pathway that is significantly enriched in differentially expressed proteins (*p < 0. body was maintained in a state of dynamic equilibrium to protect the body from damage (Wang et al, 2019). The activity of antioxidant enzymes is closely connected with lipid peroxidation under stress, and SOD is considered to be the vital first-line defence against oxidative stress (Liu et al, 2019;Zheng et al, 2016). The results of the present study showed that the 20 d fasting promoted the activity of SOD to protect S. barcoo from hunger stress.…”

Effects of Vitamin C and E Supplementation on Growth, Fatty Acid Composition, Innate Immunity, and Antioxidant Capacity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed Oxidized Fish Oil

“…Likewise, Gao et al (2012) reported the increment of plasma TG concentration in red sea bream fed OFO and increasing dietary VE level reduced its concentration. Also, feeding diets containing highly oxidized fish oil led to elevated serum TG level in orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (Liu et al, 2019). Impacts of oil oxidation on lipid metabolism has been barely investigated in fish, however, studies on rats revealed suppressed activity of hepatic enzymes which are involved in fatty acids synthesis (Eder and Kirchgessner, 1998;Lamboni et al, 1998).…”