Effects of flame‐retardant additives on the manufacturing, mechanical, and fire properties of basalt fiber‐reinforced polybenzoxazine

Abstract

Basalt fiber‐reinforced polybenzoxazines (BFRP) were manufactured through vacuum infusion using resorcinol bis (diphenyl phosphate) and poly‐(m‐phenylene methylphosphonate) together with bisphenol‐F and aniline based benzoxazine. Different types and loadings of flame‐retardant additives showed to have catalysis or dilution effects in viscosity measurements. BFRPs show well‐penetrated fibers and near‐zero porosity. Additive addition did not influence tensile properties, while apparent interlaminar shear strength decreased indicating a lower adhesion between fiber and matrix. BFRP's heat and smoke release properties increased, though time to ignition increased and flammability behavior improved by decreasing delamination yielding oxygen indices in between 72 and 91%.

Catechin and Furfurylamine Derived Biobased Benzoxazine with Latent‐Catalyst Effect

“…Exploration of benzoxazine monomers to aerospace, transportation, and electronic in dustries as composite, adhesive, and packaging applications have shown promising advancements. [ 7–16 ]…”

“…Exploration of benzoxazine monomers to aerospace, transportation, and electronic in DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100458 dustries as composite, adhesive, and packaging applications have shown promising advancements. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In general, the synthesis of benzoxazine monomer requires phenol, amine, and formalin which condense to form oxygen and a nitrogen atom-containing sixmembered heterocyclic oxazine ring fused to a benzene ring. The monomer undergoes ring-opening polymerization (ROP) by ring cleavage at O-CH 2 -N of the oxazine ring to form the polymer with a Mannichbase bridge [-CH 2 -N(R)-CH 2 -].…”

Synthesis and Application Studies of DOPO-Based Organophosphorous Derivatives to Modify the Thermal Behavior of Polybenzoxazine

“…Depending on the functional group, different mechanisms of flame retardancy can be addressed—namely, thermal shielding in the solid phase, dilution of the gas phase, quenching of radicals in the gas phase or endothermic degradation. FR groups can be incorporated by monomer design [ 20 ], or by addition of reactive [ 21 ] as well as non-reactive FR additives [ 22 ].…”

Bio-Based Bisbenzoxazines with Flame Retardant Linker

“…Even if benzoxazines exhibit a naturally good intrinsic flame retardancy, the demand to increase their fire properties is significant enough to have initiated many research studies. The flame retardancy (FR) of polymers can be improved by different approaches: the use of unreactive [19] or reactive additives [20], and the incorporation of flame retardant groups into the monomer structure [21]. Among the flame retardant groups, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) is a widely investigated halogen-free reactive additive that is mainly gas phase active yielding PO and HPO radicals upon decomposition.…”