Effects of Fly Ash Inclusion and Alkali Activation on Physical, Mechanical, and Chemical Properties of Clay

Turan, Canan; Vinai, Raffaele; Russo, Giacomo

doi:10.3390/ma15134628

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…Table A4 (Appendix A) shows the UCS of fly ash-stabilized soils determined by many investigators and Figure 4 summarizes the mechanism of strength improvement in fine-grained soils stabilized with class C and class F fly ash based on the literature. It has been shown that the strength of soil stabilized with class C or class F fly ash shows an increase [3,10,16,27,33,35,88,98,101,[103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114]. However, several researchers have pointed out that there is an optimum level of fly ash addition to stabilize soil [51,60,104,115].…”

Section: Effects Of Fly Ash Inclusion On Unconfined Compressive Stren...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotechnical Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Stabilized with Fly Ash, a Review

Turan

Vinai²,

Zali³

2022

Sustainability

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Fly ash is a waste material obtained from burning of coal in thermal power plants. Coal consumption is still very high and is expected to remain above 38% globally. Therefore, large volumes of fly ash are produced every year that need to be managed as waste. Improper disposal of fly ash can lead to surface water and ground water pollution and adversely affect human health and environment. The use of fly ash as an agent to stabilize soil has recently become popular in geotechnical engineering due to its many benefits such as being eco-friendly and cost-effective, and improving the geotechnical characteristics of the soil. This paper presents a review of the geotechnical properties of fly ash-stabilized fine-grained soils. Several features of fly ash, including classification, physical, geotechnical, chemical, and mineralogical properties, health concerns, disposal, availability, and cost are analyzed. The effects of fly ash in improving a wide range of mechanical properties of soils including unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, CBR value, consolidation and/or swelling characteristics, and permeability are reviewed in detail. It is shown that fly ash can be a substitute material for use in soil stabilization, leading to substantial economic and environmental benefits.

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Section: Effects Of Fly Ash Inclusion On Unconfined Compressive Stren...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotechnical Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Stabilized with Fly Ash, a Review

Turan

Vinai²,

Zali³

2022

Sustainability

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“…In some cases, a mix design can be so robust that comparably large variations of the precursor properties still provide satisfactory outputs; for example, in applications with minimal requirements such as earth embankments or substrate layers. [61][62][63] Key parts of the technical requirements also refer to safety during use and after the end of the product life cycle. This aspect is usually addressed by determining the leaching of heavy metals and selected organic compounds; the latter is usually not relevant to AAMs.…”

Section: What Are the Barriers?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, performance consistency is a key concern when using waste‐based materials for alkali activation. In some cases, a mix design can be so robust that comparably large variations of the precursor properties still provide satisfactory outputs; for example, in applications with minimal requirements such as earth embankments or substrate layers 61–63 …”

Section: What Are the Barriers?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why geopolymers and alkali‐activated materials are key components of a sustainable world: A perspective contribution

Kriven,

Leonelli,

Provis

et al. 2024

J Am Ceram Soc.

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This perspective article delves into the transformative potential of alkali‐activated materials, acid‐activated materials, and geopolymers in mitigating climate change and market challenges. To harness the benefits of these materials, a comprehensive strategy is proposed. This strategy aims to integrate these materials into existing construction regulations, facilitate certification, and promote market access. Emphasizing research and innovation, the article advocates for, increased funding to refine the chemistry and production of these materials, prioritizing low‐cost alternatives and local waste materials. Collaboration between academia and industry is encouraged to expedite technological advances and broaden applications. This article also underscores the need to develop economic and business models emphasizing the long‐term benefits of these materials, including lower life‐cycle costs and reduced environmental impact. Incentivizing adoption through financial mechanisms like tax credits and subsidies is suggested. The strategy also includes scaling up production technology, fostering industrial collaboration for commercial viability, and developing global supply chains. Educational programs for professionals and regulators are recommended to enhance awareness and adoption. Additionally, comprehensive life‐cycle assessments are proposed to demonstrate environmental benefits. The strategy culminates in expanding the applications of these materials beyond construction, fostering international collaboration for knowledge sharing, and thus positioning these materials as essential for sustainable construction and climate change mitigation.

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“…The samples were completely covered by platinum under a high vacuum environment during sample preparation. Moreover, the EDAX method was used to find the major elemental composition on the surface of treated particles [8,15,[20][21][22].…”

Section: Preparation Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pakir et al, [14] reported that the strength of clay soils increases with the increment of TX-85 content and curing period. As a result, this product can be categorized as a stabilizer agent [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Biomass Silica Stabilizer on Unconfined Compression Strength of Sodium Silicate Stabilized Soft Clay Soils

Nor

Tajudin

Pakir

et al. 2022

ARASET

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Soft clay often causes difficulty in construction operations with regards to strength and low hardness properties. Therefore, the need for soil stabilization is crucial in construction to ensure the stability of the soil strength and stiffness for each building to be built. This research was carried out to study the stabilization of clay in Batu Pahat using additional materials namely sodium silicate liquid and biomass silica powder. Soft clay samples were collected from the Research Centre for Soft Soils of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. The result shows that the liquid limit of the soil decreases while plastic limit increases with the addition of sodium silicate and biomass silica. As a result, the plasticity index reduces with the increment of both stabilizer's content. The strength increases at as early as 3 days after stabilization and constantly increases from 7 to 28 days curing period. The results of the unconfined compression strength test showed that the optimum amount of this stabilization process for the soil sample was three and nine percents of sodium silicate and biomass silica stabilizers, respectively. Additionally, the voids were filled with a stabilizing substance during the SEM testing. Cementation product was detected via the SEM test as a result of the stabilizer given to treated samples. The EDAX test established that the appearance of the Calcium element in the treated sample is a result of the stabilizer's chemical composition. This study demonstrates how biomass Silica significantly affected the increase in soil strength by creating cementation in the soft clay structure. Furthermore, sodium silicate plays a role in increasing soil strength, largely by acting as a binder between soil particles.

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Effects of Fly Ash Inclusion and Alkali Activation on Physical, Mechanical, and Chemical Properties of Clay

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Geotechnical Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Stabilized with Fly Ash, a Review

Geotechnical Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Stabilized with Fly Ash, a Review

Why geopolymers and alkali‐activated materials are key components of a sustainable world: A perspective contribution

Influence of Biomass Silica Stabilizer on Unconfined Compression Strength of Sodium Silicate Stabilized Soft Clay Soils

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