Effects of formic acid and phytase supplementation on digestibility and use of phosphorus and zinc in growing pigs

Blank, Ralf; Naatjes, Maike; Baum, Carl R.; Köhling, K.; Ader, Peter; Roser, U.; Susenbeth, A.

doi:10.2527/jas.53943

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, published information on the effects of organic acids introduced in pig or chicken diets, with or without phytase, is inconclusive. Either organic acids do not improve (Brenes et al, 2003;Bikker et al, 2011;Blank et al, 2012;Swiatkiewicz and Arczewska-Wlosek, 2012) or improve only slightly Pallauf, 1993, 1994;Roth et al, 1998) zinc availability.…”

Section: Use Of Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…There is evidence of improved zinc availability by the use of microbial phytase in broilers (e.g. Thiel et al, 1993;Biehl et al, 1995;Yi et al, 1996;Mohanna and Nys, 1999b;Jondreville et al, 2007), in pigs (Pallauf et al, 1992(Pallauf et al, , 1994Lei et al, 1993;Adeola et al, 1995;Revy et al, 2004Revy et al, , 2006Jondreville et al, 2005;Bikker et al, 2012a, b;Blank et al, 2012) and in fish (Cheng and Hardy, 2003;Laining et al, 2012). These experiments indicate that improvements in zinc availability are far lower in broilers than in pigs, with an equivalency of 5 mg zinc in broilers and 27−30 mg zinc from sulphate in piglets at 500 FTU as 3-phytase from Aspergillus niger (Jondreville et al, 2005(Jondreville et al, , 2007Revy et al, 2006).…”

Section: Use Of Exogenous Microbial Phytasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, any method reducing the pH in the stomach may improve zinc availability in non-ruminant animals. In particular, the question arises whether organic acids would enhance the positive effect of phytase on zinc availability as they do for phosphorus in pigs (Kemme et al, 1999;Blank et al, 2012). However, published information on the effects of organic acids introduced in pig or chicken diets, with or without phytase, is inconclusive.…”

Section: Use Of Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the potential reduction of the currently authorised maximum zinc content in complete feed

Högstrand¹

2014

EFS2

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A critical review of (i) the zinc requirements of food-producing and pet animals, (ii) the zinc concentration of feed materials and (iii) the calculated background zinc concentration of complete feed supports the possibility of a considerable reduction of the currently authorised maximum concentration for total zinc in feed. The FEEDAP Panel developed, based on an approximation using zinc requirements and background data, potential new maximum contents, which could replace the current ones. The newly proposed total maximum contents are: 150 mg Zn/kg complete feed for piglets, sows, rabbits, salmonids, cats and dogs; 120 mg Zn/kg complete feed for turkeys for fattening; 100 mg Zn/kg complete feed for all other species and categories. The use of phytase in feeding piglets, pigs for fattening and sows would allow a further reduction of the newly proposed total maximum contents by 30 % (from 150 to 110 mg Zn/kg feed for piglets and sows and from 100 to 70 mg Zn/kg feed for pigs for fattening). The newly proposed total maximum contents ensure health, welfare and productivity of the target species and do not affect consumer safety. The FEEDAP Panel expects that the introduction of the newly proposed total maximum contents, provided they are applied in feeding practices, would result in an overall reduction of zinc emissions from animal production of about 20 %. Zinc in Feed, including Noël A. Dierick, Jürgen Gropp, Catherine Jondreville, Marta Lopez Alonso, Anne Katrine Lundebye, Wolfgang Maret and Patrick Schlegel for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion. The Panel also wishes to thank the Authorities of EU Member States and EEA/EFTA countries, and stakeholders who provided information following a call for data on zinc in animal nutrition launched by EFSA. 4 An editorial amendment was carried out on section 6.3 that does not materially affect the contents nor outcome of this Scientific Opinion. To avoid confusion, the original version has been removed from the EFSA Journal, but is available on request, as is a version showing all the changes made. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the potential reduction of the currently authorised maximum zinc content in complete feed (250 mg Zn/kg for pet animals, 200 mg Zn/kg for fish and milk replacer and 150 mg Zn/kg for other animal species).To improve the available information on the use of zinc in animal nutrition, EFSA launched a call for data to EU Member States and EEA/EFTA countries and to stakeholders. The data submitted were used in the current Scientific Opinion.Zinc in the form of its divalent metal ion, Zn 2+ , is nutritionally essential for all living organisms. The total amount of zinc in the human body is 2−3 g and its concentrations in tissues are about the same in all mammals. Virtually all its functions are in proteins, in which it is a catalytic, structural, or regulatory cofactor.A critical revi...

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Section: Use Of Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Use Of Exogenous Microbial Phytasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Use Of Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the potential reduction of the currently authorised maximum zinc content in complete feed

Högstrand¹

2014

EFS2

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“…Tsiloyiannis et al showed a positive effect on controlling post-weaning diarrhea [ 22 ]. Blank et al showed that supplementation of formic acid along with microbial phytase could increase the efficacy of the phytase [ 72 ]. The application of formic acid with essential oils or other organic acids was reported to increase the apparent fecal digestibility of crude fiber in weaning pigs, and the combination with essential oils also appeared to improve non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) and total carbohydrate digestibility [ 73 ].…”

Section: Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplementation of Inorganic, Organic, and Fatty Acids in Pig: A Review

Ferronato

Prandini

2020

Animals

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Reduction of antibiotic use has been a hot topic of research over the past decades. The European ban on growth-promoter use has increased the use of feed additivities that can enhance animal growth performance and health status, particularly during critical and stressful phases of life. Pig farming is characterized by several stressful periods, such as the weaning phase, and studies have suggested that the proper use of feed additives during stress could prevent disease and enhance performance through modulation of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa and microbiome. The types of feed additive include acids, minerals, prebiotics, probiotics, yeast, nucleotides, and phytoproducts. This review focuses on commonly used acids, classified as inorganic, organic, and fatty acids, and their beneficial and potential effects, which are widely reported in the bibliography. Acids have long been used as feed acidifiers and preservatives, and were more recently introduced into feed formulated for young pigs with the goal of stabilizing the stomach pH to offset their reduced digestive capacity. In addition, some organic acids represent intermediary products of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and thus could be considered an energy source. Moreover, antimicrobial properties have been exploited to modulate microbiota populations and reduce pathogenic bacteria. Given these potential benefits, organic acids are no longer seen as simple acidifiers, but rather as growth promoters and potential antibiotic substitutes owing to their beneficial action on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

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“…Effects of dietary Zn source included in corn–SBM-based diets differing in Zn, phytate, and exogenous phytase (500 FYT Aspergillus niger phytase/kg feed) content were assessed in piglets [ 160 ]. Phytase supplementation increased soluble Zn in the stomach and tended to increase soluble Zn content in the intestine, possibly by lowering gastric pH and resulting in increased mineral solubility [ 145 , 161 ].…”

Section: Utilization Of Selected Minerals In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fiber Fermentation and Protein Digestion Kinetics on Mineral Digestion in Pigs

Heyer

Jaworski²,

Page³

et al. 2022

Animals

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Nutrient kinetic data and the timing of nutrient release along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), are not yet widely used in current feed formulations for pigs and poultry. The present review focuses on interactions between fermentable substrates (e.g., starch, fiber, and protein) and selected minerals on nutrient digestion and absorption to determine nutritional solutions to maximize animal performance, principally in the grower–finisher phase, with the aim of minimizing environmental pollution. For phosphorus (P), myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (InsP6), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), no standardized methodologies to assess in vitro mineral digestion exist. The stepwise degradation of InsP6 to lower inositol phosphate (InsP) forms in the GIT is rare, and inositol phosphate4 (InsP4) might be the limiting isomer of InsP degradation in diets with exogenous phytase. Furthermore, dietary coefficients of standardized total tract digestibility (CSTTD) of P might be underestimated in diets with fermentable ingredients because of increased diet-specific endogenous P losses (EPL), and further clarification is required to better calculate the coefficients of true total tract digestibility (CTTTD) of P. The quantification of fiber type, composition of fiber fractions, their influence on digestion kinetics, effects on digesta pH, and nutrient solubility related to fermentation should be considered for formulating diets. In conclusion, applications of nutrient kinetic data should be considered to help enhance nutrient digestion and absorption in the GIT, thereby reducing nutrient excretion.

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Effects of formic acid and phytase supplementation on digestibility and use of phosphorus and zinc in growing pigs

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Scientific Opinion on the potential reduction of the currently authorised maximum zinc content in complete feed

Scientific Opinion on the potential reduction of the currently authorised maximum zinc content in complete feed

Dietary Supplementation of Inorganic, Organic, and Fatty Acids in Pig: A Review

Effect of Fiber Fermentation and Protein Digestion Kinetics on Mineral Digestion in Pigs

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