Effects of fungicides on decomposer communities and litter decomposition in vineyard streams

Fernández, Diego; Voß, Katharina; Bundschuh, Mirco; Zubrod, Jochen P.; Schäfer, Ralf B.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.090

Cited by 90 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The initial fungal inoculum and the absence of a constant replenishment from upstream in natural streams are likely to influence the microbial colonisation of, and succession on, substrata in laboratory settings and could also affect responses to fungicides. Therefore, complementary field tests of the fate and ecotoxicological effects of TBZ on microbial communities are required as a basis for improved risk assessment of fungicides contaminating streams (Fernández et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of streambed substratum composition on stream microbial communities exposed to the fungicide tebuconazole

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY1. Fungicides reaching stream ecosystems have different capacities to adsorb to benthic substrata and thus cause varying effects on benthic microbial communities. We evaluated the potential of a triazole fungicide, tebuconazole (TBZ), to adsorb to submerged leaves and sand and assessed TBZ effects on sand-and leaf-associated microbial communities.2. An indoor stream channel experiment was designed to test TBZ effects slightly above concentrations measured in agricultural streams (10.7 AE 0.3 lg L À1 ) on the microbial communities associated with either submerged leaves alone, sand alone or a mixed substratum of leaves + sand over 5 weeks. Weekly samples were taken to determine TBZ effects on the biomass and activity (litter breakdown rate, fungal sporulation rate and extracellular enzyme activities) of fungi and bacteria as well as the dissipation of TBZ in stream channels. 3. TBZ significantly reduced fungal biomass (17-20% relative to controls) but increased bacterial biomass (34-50%) on leaves and sand incubated separately. TBZ also significantly inhibited phenol oxidase activity (36%) in sand but not in leaves. Differences in TBZ effects between leaves and sand communities were not explained by differences between substrata in TBZ adsorption but more likely were related to differences in biomass accrual and structure of the microbial communities. 4. Mixing leaves+sand tended to attenuate TBZ effects on microbial communities, which was probably explained by a greater surface area available for TBZ adsorption to the substrata. This hypothesis is supported by the greater TBZ dissipation in stream channels receiving both leaves and sand. However, leaf and sand mixtures not only diluted but also modified TBZ effects on sand communities (14% increase in fungal biomass and 82% increase in the sporulation of aquatic hyphomycetes). This result suggests that sand could serve as a refuge for fungi during TBZ-contamination episodes. 5. Our study points to the importance of substratum heterogeneity for the ecotoxicological effects of TBZ on agricultural streams and highlights the contrasting responses of fungi and bacteria to contamination by a widespread fungicide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of streambed substratum composition on stream microbial communities exposed to the fungicide tebuconazole

et al. 2015

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“…Nørgaard and Cedergreen (2010) concluded that some sterol biosynthesis compounds (imidazoles and some triazoles) can enhance the effects of pyrethroid insecticides to D. magna when sprayed together wileyonlinelibrary.com/ETC © 2019 The Authors in tank mixtures. In a field study in which 15 fungicides and 4 insecticides were monitored in streams of a German vineyard area, it appeared that the structure of microbial and shredder communities as well as fungal biomass changed along the fungicide toxicity gradient (Fernandez et al 2015). Therefore, the evaluation of cumulative pesticide stress under field conditions including fungicides should be further investigated (e.g., Arts et al 2006;Focks et al 2014;Fernandez et al 2015).…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a field study in which 15 fungicides and 4 insecticides were monitored in streams of a German vineyard area, it appeared that the structure of microbial and shredder communities as well as fungal biomass changed along the fungicide toxicity gradient (Fernandez et al 2015). Therefore, the evaluation of cumulative pesticide stress under field conditions including fungicides should be further investigated (e.g., Arts et al 2006;Focks et al 2014;Fernandez et al 2015). So far, fungi or other microorganisms are not included as standard test organisms in the prospective aquatic effect assessment for fungicides.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Effect Assessment Approach for Fungicides as Laid Down in the European Food Safety Authority Aquatic Guidance Document Sufficiently Protective for Freshwater Ecosystems?

Rico

Brock

Daam

2019

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In Europe, the European Food Safety Authority aquatic guidance document describes the procedures for the derivation of regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) for pesticides in edge‐of‐field surface waters on the basis of tier‐1 (standard test species), tier‐2 (geometric mean and species sensitivity distributions [SSDs]), and tier‐3 (model ecosystem studies) approaches. In the present study, the protectiveness of such a tiered approach was evaluated for fungicides. Acute and chronic RACs for tier‐1 and tier‐2B (SSDs) were calculated using toxicity data for standard and additional test species, respectively. Tier‐3 RACs based on ecological thresholds (not considering recovery) could be derived for 18 fungicides. We show that tier‐1 RACs, in the majority of cases, are more conservative than RACs calculated based on model ecosystem experiments. However, acute tier‐2B RACs do not show a sufficient protection level compared with tier‐3 RACs from cosm studies that tested a repeated pulsed exposure regime or when relatively persistent compounds were tested. Chronic tier‐2B RACs showed a sufficient protection level, although they could only be evaluated for 6 compounds. Finally, we evaluated the suitability of the calculated RACs for 8 compounds with toxicity data for fungi. The comparison shows that the current RACs for individual fungicides, with a few exceptions (e.g., tebuconazole), show a sufficient protection level for structural and functional fungal endpoints. However, more data are needed to extend this comparison to other fungicides with different modes of action. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2279–2293. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

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“…More precisely, the type of the pesticide molecule as well as its mode of action would determine its potential impact on target and non-target leaf microorganisms (Maltby et al, 2009). This is the case of fungicides, being more toxic to aquatic fungi than other pesticides, due to their direct action on fungal physiology Fern andez et al, 2015;Zubrod et al, 2015) but also indirectly affecting bacteria co-existing with fungi (Artigas et al 2014). Up to now, however, the effects of multi-stressors, including pesticides and environmental stressors (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the case of fungicides, being more toxic to aquatic fungi than other pesticides, due to their direct action on fungal physiology Fern andez et al, 2015;Zubrod et al, 2015) but also indirectly affecting bacteria co-existing with fungi (Artigas et al 2014). in leafassociated fungal communities are weakly studied in the literature (Fern andez et al, 2015). temperature, droughts, nutrients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional responses of leaf‐associated fungal communities to chemical pollution in streams

2017

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Effects of fungicides on decomposer communities and litter decomposition in vineyard streams

Cited by 90 publications

References 48 publications

Influence of streambed substratum composition on stream microbial communities exposed to the fungicide tebuconazole

Influence of streambed substratum composition on stream microbial communities exposed to the fungicide tebuconazole

Is the Effect Assessment Approach for Fungicides as Laid Down in the European Food Safety Authority Aquatic Guidance Document Sufficiently Protective for Freshwater Ecosystems?

Structural and functional responses of leaf‐associated fungal communities to chemical pollution in streams

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