Effects of Gadolinium Deposits in the Cerebellum: Reviewing the Literature from In Vitro Laboratory Studies to In Vivo Human Investigations

Khairinisa, Miski Aghnia; Ariyani, Winda; Tsushima, Yoshito; Koibuchi, Noriyuki

doi:10.3390/ijerph18147214

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…This has occurred in some cases to patients with chronic kidney disease, which developed nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), characterized by skin thickening and hyperpigmentation and extracutaneous fibrosis [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. In addition, recent studies indicated that clinically developed GBCAs could be deposited in the brain after repeated use, and could cause neurotoxicity, although this has not been proven [ 18 , 19 ]. In both cases, tissue deposits of linear GBCAs are much higher than those of macrocyclic GBCAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles as T1–T2 Dual-Mode MRI Contrast Agents

Geraldes

2024

Molecules

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Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), either paramagnetic or superparamagnetic depending on their composition and size, have been thoroughly studied as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents using in vitro and in vivo biomedical preclinical studies, while some are clinically used. Their magnetic properties responsible in some cases for high magnetization values, together with large surface area-to-volume ratios and the possibility of surface functionalization, have been used in MRI-based diagnostic and theranostics applications. MNPs are usually used as positive (T1) or negative (T2) MRI contrast agents, causing brightening or darkening of selected regions in MRI images, respectively. This review focusses on recent developments and optimization of MNPs containing Gd, Mn, Fe and other lanthanide ions which may function as dual-mode T1–T2 MRI contrast agents (DMCAs). They induce positive or negative contrast in the same MRI scanner upon changing its operational mode between T1-weighted and T2-weighted pulse sequences. The type of contrast they induce depends critically on their r2/r1 relaxivity ratio, which for DMCAs should be in the 2–10 range of values. After briefly discussing the basic principles of paramagnetic relaxation in MNPs, in this review, the basic strategies for the rational design of DMCAs are presented and typical examples are discussed, including in vivo preclinical applications: (1) the use of NPs with a single type of contrast material, Gd- or Mn-based NPs or superparamagnetic NPs with appropriate size and magnetization to provide T2 and T1 contrast; and (2) inclusion of both types of T1 and T2 contrast materials in the same nanoplatform by changing their relative positions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles as T1–T2 Dual-Mode MRI Contrast Agents

Geraldes

2024

Molecules

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“…Additionally, the repeated administration of Gadolinium-containing contrast media has been generally debated [23,24]. While the use of contrast agents is essential in the initial MRI diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, their additional value in follow-up examinations is in doubt [25,26], and is considered optional, according to the current clinical guidelines in Germany.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in MRI Workflow of Multiple Sclerosis after Introduction of an AI-Software: A Qualitative Study

Rathmann,

Hemkemeier,

Raths

et al. 2024

Healthcare

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The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the integration of machine learning into daily radiological diagnostics, using the example of the machine learning software mdbrain® (Mediaire GmbH, Germany) in the diagnostic MRI workflow of patients with multiple sclerosis at the University Medicine Greifswald. The data were assessed through expert interviews, a comparison of analysis times with and without the machine learning software, as well as a process analysis of MRI workflows. Our results indicate a reduction in the screen-reading workload, improved decision-making regarding contrast administration, an optimized workflow, reduced examination times, and facilitated report communication with colleagues and patients. Our results call for a broader and quantitative analysis.

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“…For instance, free Gd 3+ ions can cause nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with kidney diseases, resulting in the thickening and darkening of the skin and the reduction of organ function in the heart and lungs [ 22 , 29 , 30 ]. In addition, recent studies indicated that clinically developed Gd chelates could be deposited in the brain after repeated use and cause neurotoxicity [ 31 , 32 ]. SPION-based MRI contrast agents are more biocompatible than other metal-based NP contrast agents because iron is consumed in the human body as an essential element [ 33 ]; for example, iron is a central element in hemoglobin for oxygen binding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based High-Performance Positive and Negative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents

et al. 2023

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In recent decades, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted considerable research interest as versatile substances for various biomedical applications, particularly as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Depending on their composition and particle size, most MNPs are either paramagnetic or superparamagnetic. The unique, advanced magnetic properties of MNPs, such as appreciable paramagnetic or strong superparamagnetic moments at room temperature, along with their large surface area, easy surface functionalization, and the ability to offer stronger contrast enhancements in MRI, make them superior to molecular MRI contrast agents. As a result, MNPs are promising candidates for various diagnostic and therapeutic applications. They can function as either positive (T1) or negative (T2) MRI contrast agents, producing brighter or darker MR images, respectively. In addition, they can function as dual-modal T1 and T2 MRI contrast agents, producing either brighter or darker MR images, depending on the operational mode. It is essential that the MNPs are grafted with hydrophilic and biocompatible ligands to maintain their nontoxicity and colloidal stability in aqueous media. The colloidal stability of MNPs is critical in order to achieve a high-performance MRI function. Most of the MNP-based MRI contrast agents reported in the literature are still in the developmental stage. With continuous progress being made in the detailed scientific research on them, their use in clinical settings may be realized in the future. In this study, we present an overview of the recent developments in the various types of MNP-based MRI contrast agents and their in vivo applications.

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Effects of Gadolinium Deposits in the Cerebellum: Reviewing the Literature from In Vitro Laboratory Studies to In Vivo Human Investigations

Cited by 11 publications

References 54 publications

Rational Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles as T1–T2 Dual-Mode MRI Contrast Agents

Rational Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles as T1–T2 Dual-Mode MRI Contrast Agents

Changes in MRI Workflow of Multiple Sclerosis after Introduction of an AI-Software: A Qualitative Study

Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based High-Performance Positive and Negative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents

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