Effects of galanin on proliferation and apoptosis of immature rat thymocytes

Trejter, Marcin; Brelińska, R; Warchoł, Jerzy B.; Butowska, W; Neri, Giuliano; Rebuffat, Piera; Gottardo, Lucia; Malendowicz, Ludwik K.

doi:10.3892/ijmm.10.2.183

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…GAL has also been implicated in neuronal growth and development O'Meara et al, 2000;Perumal and Vrontakis, 2003). In contrast, GALR1 exerts antiproliferative effects on regenerating rat adrenal glands and immature rat thymocytes (Hochol et al, 2000;Trejter et al, 2002). Therefore, GAL-induced proliferation may be delicately regulated by the ratio of galanin receptors expressed in a given cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, GAL knock-out mice showed a loss of one third of the cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain by 7 days of age (O'Meara et al, 2000). In the gut, GAL was reported to exert antiproliferative effects on regenerating rat adrenal glands and immature rat thymocytes (Hochol et al, 2000;Trejter et al, 2002). Although these studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of the galanin receptor function, they have not provided mechanistic information because of the complexity of the biological systems that were used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The galanin signaling cascade is a candidate pathway regulating oncogenesis in human squamous cell carcinoma

Sugimoto

Seki

Shimizu

et al. 2008

Genes Chromosomes & Cancer

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To identify putative biomarkers in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a survey of parallel chromosomal alterations and gene expression studies in 10 SCC cell lines were performed using array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and oligo-microarray techniques. The most frequent changes were gains of 11q13.1-13.3 and losses of 18q12.1-23 in SCC. Furthermore, the expression levels of the sets of genes at both these loci in SCC were measured using microarray analysis. By combining the array-CGH with the microarray data, 10 genes at 11q13.1-13.3 and 6 genes at 18q12.1-23 whose expression correlated with chromosomal alterations were identified. To verify the expression levels of the identified genes, we used expression analysis data derived from our earlier study of clinical specimens. In clinical samples, six genes (GAL, GSTP1, MRPL11, MRPL21, SF3B2, and YIF1A) at 11q13.1-13.3 and one gene (GALR1) at 18q23 showed a significant difference between normal and tumor samples. GAL, coding for the neuropeptide galanin, and GALR1, a galanin receptor, were identified as candidate genes of oncogenesis in SCC. The expression levels of GAL, GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3 were confirmed by real-time PCR. The expression ratio between GAL and GALR1 showed a significant negative correlation. GALR1 is a G-protein-coupled receptor that activates GTP-binding proteins to trigger signaling cascades such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and is a well-established mitogenic pathway. This further supports the hypothesis that the genes involved in the GAL signaling cascade are candidates for regulation of oncogenesis in SCC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The galanin signaling cascade is a candidate pathway regulating oncogenesis in human squamous cell carcinoma

Sugimoto

Seki

Shimizu

et al. 2008

Genes Chromosomes & Cancer

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“…Moreover, GAL knock-out mice have a loss of one-third of the cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain by 7 days of age (13). In the gut, GAL has an inhibitory role on circular muscle contraction (15) and exerts anti-proliferative effects on regenerating rat adrenal glands and immature rat thymocytes (16,17). Although these studies increase our understanding of galanin receptor function because of the complexity of the biological systems used, they do not provide mechanistic information of these exciting biological outcomes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Galanin Receptor 1 Has Anti-proliferative Effects in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Henson

Neubig²,

Jang

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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In the United States, oral cancer accounts for more deaths annually than cervical cancer, leukemias, or Hodgkin's lymphoma. Studies have shown that aberrations of chromosome 18q develop with tumor progression and are associated with significantly decreased survival in head and neck cancer patients. The G-protein-coupled receptor, galanin receptor 1 (GALR1), maps to this region of chromosome 18q. Although the role of GALR1 has been well characterized in neuronal cells, little is known regarding this receptor in nonneuronal cells. In this study, the expression, mitogenic function, and signaling mechanism of GALR1 are investigated in normal and malignant oral epithelial cells. mRNA expression was determined via reverse transcriptase-PCR. Protein quantification was done via immunoblot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For functional and signaling studies, an inhibitory antibody was generated to the N-terminal ligand binding domain of GALR1. GALR1 protein and mRNA expression and GAL secretion were detected at variable levels in immortalized human oral keratinocytes and human oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Upon competitive inhibition of GALR1, proliferation was up-regulated in immortalized and malignant keratinocytes. Furthermore, studies with the inhibitory antibody and U0126, the MAPK inhibitor, show that GALR1 inhibits proliferation in immortalized and malignant keratinocytes by inactivating the MAPK pathway. GALR1s inhibitory effects on proliferation in epithelial cells raises the possibility that inactivation or disregulation of this receptor can lead to uncontrolled proliferation and neoplastic transformation.

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“…GAL in the pig is exprimed by nerve cells, also of the enteric nervous system, in response to noxious stimuli, including inflammation. However, GAL doesn't influence proliferation of lymphocytes, what more, it can have anti-proliferative activity by inducing apoptosis of differentiating lymphatic cells (Trejter et al, 2002). SP is heavily involved in the development of inflammation by triggering a neurogenic mechanism and even some bacterial alimentary infections use this path in the development of enteritis (Mantyh et al, 1996.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the content of neuropeptides in intestinal lymph nodes of pigs suffering from experimental Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection

Łakomy¹,

Winnicka²,

Wąsowicz³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The studies were performed in order to investigate the mutual interrelationship of the peripheral nervous system and particular types and sub-types of lymphocytes located in the intestinal lymph nodes of the pig. Using the ELISA method and the flow cytometry the tissue concentration of VIP, SP, GAL and SOM, as well as the number of lymphocytes containing antigens CD2, CD21, CD4, CD5, CD8 and TCRgamma/delta were determined. As compared to 4-months old pigs of the control group, in 4-months old pigs in which experimental enteritis was induced with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection, a statistically significant increase in SP and GAL concentration was shown in the lymph nodes. No statistically significant differences in the concentration of VIP and SOM were detected. As regards changes in the lymphocyte subpopulations of CD21+, CD4+/CD8+ and TCRgd+/CD8-(regarded as a subpopulation of NK cells) lymphocytes, the mean frequency of CD21+ changed from 50.05% in control pigs to 25.82% in animals suffering from dysentery, the number of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes changed from 6.98% to 18.97%, and at the same period, the subpopulations of TCRgd+/CD8-lymphocytes changed from 17.76% to 0.38%.

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Effects of galanin on proliferation and apoptosis of immature rat thymocytes

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

The galanin signaling cascade is a candidate pathway regulating oncogenesis in human squamous cell carcinoma

The galanin signaling cascade is a candidate pathway regulating oncogenesis in human squamous cell carcinoma

Galanin Receptor 1 Has Anti-proliferative Effects in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Changes in the content of neuropeptides in intestinal lymph nodes of pigs suffering from experimental Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection

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