Effects of gardeniae fructus extract and geniposide on promoting ligament cell proliferation and collagen synthesis

Abstract

Gardeniae Fructus is a traditional medicine used for the treatment of contusion such as ankle sprain. Geniposide is one of the main components of Gardeniae Fructus with diverse biological activities. In order to gain further insight into the therapeutic action of Gardeniae Fructus extract (GFE) and geniposide on ligament injuries, a new in vitro model was developed in the present study. Rat hind ankle ligament fibroblasts (RHALFs) derived from Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured, and the cell proliferation and collagen content were examined by MTT and a Sirius Red-based colorimetric assay after stimulating with each drug. The cell growth of RHALFs was promoted by culturing with 37.5-150 microg/mL of GFE and 25-200 microM of geniposide. The content of collagen in the RHALFs was significantly increased up to 131.4% and 124.2% of the control value by culturing with the GFE and geniposide, respectively. By contrast, both cell growth and collagen content were impaired by adding 25-200 microM of diclofenac, one of the common medications for ligament injuries. The findings suggest that GFE and geniposide may ameliorate the treatment of ligament injuries by proliferating ligament fibroblasts and promoting the synthesis of collagen. However, the use of diclofenac to treat acute ligament injuries should be reassessed although it possesses a potential effect on relieving symptoms.

Neuroprotective effects of geniposide in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease

“…Gardenia is a widely used Chinese herb for treatment of hepatic disease, inflammation disorders, contusions and brain disorders (Chen et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2012;Wang et al, 1992). Several studies have focused on the neuroprotective effect of geniposide in brain diseases, especially neurodegenerative disorders.…”

“…Geniposide is an active component extracted from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, and is a major iridoid glycoside (Chen et al, 2010). Gardenia is a widely used Chinese herb for treatment of hepatic disease, inflammation disorders, contusions and brain disorders (Chen et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2012;Wang et al, 1992).…”

Geniposide inhibits interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 production in lipopolysaccharide-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells by blocking p38 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways

“…Geniposide is an iridoid glycoside isolated from Gardenia and widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine for its diverse pharmacological activities. In Asian countries, geniposide was commonly applied to ameliorating ligament injuries [8]. In addition, geniposide showed anti-oxidative [9,10], anti-tumor [11,12], anti-asthma and anti-diabetic activities [13,14].…”

Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities and Intellectual Property Landscape of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis: a Review

“…58 It facilitates to restructure the ligament tears by proliferating ligament fibroblasts and promoting the synthesis of collagen in case of ankle sprain. 59 Genipin exhibited anti-inflammatory effects via downregulation of chemokine ligand, chemokine receptor, and IFN-induced protein productions in LPS-induced acute systemic inflammation. 60 Genipin prevented IL-1β-mediated CCL20 and IL-6 production in HPDLCs through suppressing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) phosphorylations.…”