Effects of Garlic Allium sativum Powder on Nutrient Digestibility, Haematology, and Immune and Stress Responses in Eurasian Perch Perca fluviatilis Juveniles

Abstract

The supplementation of fish diets with phytogenics can increase growth performance and can modulate immune system response. European perch Perca fluviatilis (initial weight 25.0 ± 0.4 g) were fed a diet including 0 (Control), 10 (G10), 20 (G20), and 30 (G30) g kg−1 garlic powder. No significant difference in the growth parameters and somatic indices were observed. Significantly higher fat digestibility was observed in G10 and G30 diets compared to in the control and G20 diets(p < 0.05). Significantly greater red blood cell and white blood cell counts were observed with the G10 diet (p < 0.05). Garlic significantly decreased serum cholesterol in all of the experimental groups. Serum albumin was significantly higher in the G10 and G20 diets (p < 0.05). Immediately after the overcrowding stress challenge, the garlic groups showed significantly higher cortisol levels than the control group, while no significant difference was observed in the glucose concentration among groups. At 1 h post-stress, all of the groups that had been fed a garlic-supplemented diet showed lower cortisol levels than the control group, and this trend was maintained at 6 and 24 h post stress (p < 0.05), and glucose level in all garlic groups was significantly lower than control (p < 0.05). Garlic at 10 g kg−1 in feed can improve apparent fat digestibility and selected blood parameters and can enhance resistance against high-density and net handling stress in Eurasian perch.

Impact of Garlic (Allium sativum) and/or Ginger (Zingiber officinale) oils supplementation on the Growth Performance, physiological responses, and gene expression of Nile tilapia

“…The current findings are in agreement with those of Zare et al (2021), who reported that the serum cholesterol was markedly lowered in the garlic-fed groups. Also, the supplementation of garlic powder at a level of 5, 10, 15, and 20 g kg -1 diet lowered the triglycerides and cholesterol levels in Asian sea bass (Talpur and Ikhwanuddin, 2012) besides in rainbow trout at 20, 30, and 50 g kg -1 (Mohebbi et al, 2012).…”

Prophylactic Role of Curcumin and Garlic Acid on Oxyfluorfen Toxicity of Oreochromis niloticus: Hematological and Biochemical Responses

“…(Fawole et al, 2020;Anene et al, 2021) found an increase in MCV in Claris gariepinus fed a diet supplemented with pawpaw seed and onion peel powder. The results of (Zare et al, 2021) study showed that garlic powder, at 10 g/kg, raise RBC levels in Eurasian Perch Perca fluviatilis juveniles. Garlic powder has demonstrated similar outcomes in rainbow trout at 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 g kg1 (Nya and Austin, 2009) and rohu at 10 g/kg at similar doses (Sahu et al, 2007).…”

Strategies to enhance tilapia immunity to improve their health in aquaculture

“…Several studies have demonstrated that dietary herbal extract supplementation can improve disease resistance in farmed tilapia. These include diets supplemented with elephant's foot ( Elephantopus scaber ), 166 cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum ), 167 turmeric ( Curcuma longa ), 168 purslane ( Portulaca oleracea ) 169 and garlic ( Allium sativum ), 170 with treated fish displaying greater anti‐bacterial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.…”