Effects of ginsenosides on impaired performance caused by scopolamine in rats

Yamaguchi, Y.; Higashi, Masaya; Kobayashi, Hideshi

doi:10.1016/0014-2999(96)00597-3

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Yamaguchi reported that sugar moieties attached to both C (6) and C (20) are indispensable for ameliorating effects on impaired performance (Yamagushi et al, 1996). Rg1 is a 20(S)-protopanaxatriol type with a glucose moiety at position 6, while Rb1 is 20(S)-protopanaxadiol type with no sugar moiety at that position (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 for their effects on improving scopolamine‐induced learning and memory impairment in mice

Wang

Sun

Jia

et al. 2010

Phytotherapy Research

103

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Rg1 and Rb1 are two major active compounds of ginseng that facilitate learning and memory. The present study aimed to compare the nootropic effects of Rg1 and Rb1 in a scopolamine induced dementia mice model. After 6 and 12 mg/kg of Rg1 and Rb1 intraperitoneal administration to mice for 7 days, their effects were assessed using the step-down passive avoidance (SD) and the Morris water maze (MWM) tests, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, acetylcholine (ACh) content and serotonin (5-HT) level in the hippocampus were analysed after SD and MWM tests. The results showed that Rg1 and Rb1 ameliorated cognition-deficiency in mice with dementia. Rg1 showed stronger effects than Rb1 on escape acquisition in MWM. Both Rg1 and Rb1 increased ACh levels in the hippocampus, but Rg1 inhibited AChE activity while Rb1 had no effect on AChE activity. Both Rg1 and Rb1 inhibited the decrease of 5-HT induced by scopolamine, but Rb1 was more active than the same dose of Rg1. These results demonstrate that multiple administrations of Rg1 and Rb1 are effective in improving memory deficiency induced by scopolamine. Rg1 appears to be more potent than Rb1 in improving acquisition impairment, and the two ginsenosides may act through different mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 for their effects on improving scopolamine‐induced learning and memory impairment in mice

Wang

Sun

Jia

et al. 2010

Phytotherapy Research

103

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“…The use of herbal medicine, particularly ginseng, for improving cognitive performance has become increasingly popular during recent years and some studies have shown its enhancing effects on learning and memory either in aged and / or brain damaged rodents (69,70). For example, significant improvement in learning and memory has been observed in aged and brain-damaged rats after local administration of ginseng powder (71 -73).…”

Section: Cognitive Effects Of Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ginseng in Medicine With Emphasis on Neurodegenerative Disorders

Gille²,

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Ginseng, the root of Panax species, is a well-known herbal medicine. It has been used as a traditional medicine in China, Korea, and Japan for thousands of years and is now a popular and worldwide used natural medicine. The active ingredients of ginseng are ginsenosides which are also called ginseng saponins. Recently, there is increasing evidence in the literature on the pharmacological and physiological actions of ginseng. However, ginseng has been used primarily as a tonic to invigorate week bodies and help the restoration of homeostasis. Current in vivo and in vitro studies have shown its beneficial effects in a wide range of pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, immune deficiency, and hepatotoxicity. Moreover, recent research has suggested that some of ginseng's active ingredients also exert beneficial effects on aging, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. In general, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immune-stimulatory activities are mostly underlying the possible ginseng-mediated protective mechanisms. Next to animal studies, data from neural cell cultures contribute to the understanding of these mechanisms that involve decreasing nitric oxide (NO), scavenging of free radicals, and counteracting excitotoxicity. In this review, we focus on recently reported medicinal effects of ginseng and summarize the current knowledge of its effects on CNS disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…In particular, the species Panax ginseng has already demonstrated positive effects in the damage induced by scopolamine measured in the radial labyrinth (Yamaguchi et al, 1996) or in the T labyrinth, as used in this case (Ni et al, 1993). This last author refers to the behaviour assessed in this model ('working memory') as a type of memory analogous to recent memory (immediate) in humans, which is damaged in cases of insanity rather than remote memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Psychopharmacological assessment of Pfafﬁa glomerata roots (extract BNT‐08) in rodents

Marques

Galvão

Espinola

et al. 2004

Phytotherapy Research

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A pharmacological assessment of the standardized extract (BNT-08) of Pfaffia glomerata roots was performed in young mice submitted to acute treatment with several doses (i.p.), in young and old mice submitted to chronic oral treatment for 150 days or with water (control groups) and in old mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg of extract. Acute tests involved an initial screening, spontaneous movements, rota-rod, barbiturate sleeping time and passive avoidance were carried out. The chronic test involved mortality assessment, body weight and learning and memory in a T-maze left/right discrimination test and in the passive avoidance model. Of the acute tests only the sleeping time test showed relevant differences between the groups. With the chronic treatment, a relevant decrease of the number of sessions necessary for learning in the group of old mice treated with the extract was evident. A partial reversal of the memory deficit induced by age in the old mice treated with the extract was found in the passive avoidance test. The results suggest that the standardized extract from Pfaffia glomerata roots promoted an increase in both learning and memory of old mice treated in the chronic test.

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Effects of ginsenosides on impaired performance caused by scopolamine in rats

Cited by 35 publications

References 4 publications

Comparison of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 for their effects on improving scopolamine‐induced learning and memory impairment in mice

Comparison of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 for their effects on improving scopolamine‐induced learning and memory impairment in mice

Use of Ginseng in Medicine With Emphasis on Neurodegenerative Disorders

Psychopharmacological assessment of Pfafﬁa glomerata roots (extract BNT‐08) in rodents

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