Effects of groundwater withdrawal on land subsidence in Kashan Plain, Iran

Ghazifard, Akbar; Moslehi, Ali; Safaei, Homayon; Roostaei, Mahasa

doi:10.1007/s10064-016-0885-3

Cited by 43 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The climate of the study area has two classes of arid and hyper-arid. The minimum and maximum temperature in this area is 16 and 22 • C, respectively, and also the minimum and maximum slopes in area are 0 and 129%, respectively (Ghazifard et al, 2016;Goorabi et al, 2020). Kashan plain is located in the foothills of the Karkas Mountains and on the margin of the central desert of Iran.…”

Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 90%

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Performance Evaluation of GIS-Based Novel Ensemble Approaches for Land Subsidence Susceptibility Mapping

et al. 2021

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The optimal prediction of land subsidence (LS) is very much difficult because of limitations in proper monitoring techniques, field-base surveys and knowledge related to functioning and behavior of LS. Thus, due to the lack of LS susceptibility maps it is almost impossible to identify LS prone areas and as a result it influences severe economic and human losses. Hence, preparation of LS susceptibility mapping (LSSM) can help to prevent natural and human catastrophes and reduce the economic damages significantly. Machine learning (ML) techniques are becoming increasingly proficient in modeling purpose of such kinds of occurrences and they are increasing used for LSSM. This study compares the performances of single and hybrid ML models to preparation of LSSM for future prediction of performance analysis. In this study, the spatial prediction of LS was assessed using four ML models of maximum entropy (MaxEnt), general linear model (GLM), artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM). Alongside, the possible numbers of novel ensemble models were integrated through the aforementioned four ML models for optimal analysis of LSSM. An inventory LS map was prepared based on the previous occurrences of LS points and the dataset were divvied into 70:30 ratios for training and validating of the modeling process. To identify the robust and best LSSMs, receiver operating characteristic-area under curve (ROC-AUC) curve was employed. The ROC-AUC result indicated that ANN model gives the highest ROC-AUC (0.924) in training accuracy. The highest AUC (0.823) of the LSSMs was determined based on validation datasets identified by SVM followed by ANN-SVM (0.812).

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Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Elevation in the study area ranges between 803 m and 1,671 m above mean sea level. The average annual rainfall ranges between 75 and 185 mm and there is more rainfall in the west (Ghazifard et al, 2016). The climate of the study area has two classes of arid and hyper-arid.…”

Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of GIS-Based Novel Ensemble Approaches for Land Subsidence Susceptibility Mapping

et al. 2021

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“…Earth fissures have been observed since the 1950s (Feth, ) and have affected many countries in the world over the last decades, including southwestern USA (Holzer, ; Holzer et al, ; Holzer & Galloway, ; Holzer & Pampeyan, ), central Mexico (Carreon‐Freyre et al, ; Chaussard et al, ; Pacheco et al, ), China (Li et al, ; Peng et al, ; Wang et al, ; Zhao et al, ), India (Srivastava, ), Iran (Ghazifard et al, ; Ziaie et al, ), Saudi Arabia (Youssef et al, ), and Pakistan (Khan et al, ). These cracks at the land surface have caused significant economic, social, and environmental damages with a strong impact on the development of urban settlements, industrial centers, agricultural, and other economic activities (e.g., ALSG, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach to Model Earth Fissure Caused by Extensive Aquifer Exploitation and its Application to the Wuxi Case, China

Franceschini

Zhang

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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Initially observed in the semiarid basins of southwestern USA, earth fissures due to aquifer over‐exploitation are presently threatening a large number of subsiding basins in various countries worldwide. Different mechanics have been proposed to explain this process, such as differential compaction, horizontal movements, and fault reactivation. Numerical modeling and prediction of this major geohazard caused by overuse of groundwater resources are challenging because of two main requirements: shifting from the classical continuous to discontinuous geomechanics and incorporating two‐dimensional features (the earth fissures) into large three‐dimensional (3‐D) modeling domain (the subsiding basin). In this work, we proposed a novel modeling approach to simulate earth fissure generation and propagation in 3‐D complex geological settings. A nested two‐scale approach associated with an original nonlinear elastoplastic finite element/interface element simulator allows modeling the mechanics of earth discontinuities, in terms of both sliding and opening. The model is applied on a case study in Wuxi, China, where groundwater pumping between 1985 and 2004 has caused land subsidence larger than 2 m. The model outcomes highlight that the presence of a shallow (∼80 m deep) bedrock ridge crossing the Yangtze River delta is the key factor triggering the earth fissure development in this area. Bending of the alluvial deposits around the ridge tip and shear stress due to the uneven piezometric change and asymmetrical shape of the bedrock have caused the earth fissure to onset at the land surface and propagate downward to a maximum depth of about 20–30 m. Maximum sliding and opening are computed in the range of 10–40 cm, in agreement with the order of magnitude estimated in the field.

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“…Earth fissures are geotechnical surface ruptures formed as a result of internal and external geological forces. They have created serious hazards around the world, including in the United States 1 – 3 , China 4 – 12 , Mexico 13 - 15 , Ethiopia 16 , 17 , New Zealand 18 , Pakistan 19 , Saudi Arabia 20 , and Iran 21 . These earth fissures have caused significant damage to society, the economy, the environment, and humanity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A probabilistic method for mapping earth fissure hazards

Zang

Peng

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Earth fissures caused by tectonic forces, human activities, or both seriously threaten the safety of people’s lives and properties. The Taiyuan Basin, a Cenozoic downfaulted basin located in the centre of the Fen-Wei Basin tectonic belt, in northwestern China, presents the ideal study area for a hazard assessment of earth fissures. A total of 104 earth fissures have been observed in the Taiyuan Basin, with a total length of approximately 128 km. In this paper, we proposed a probabilistic method for mapping earth fissure hazards by integrating the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the area under the curve (AUC), and the certainty factor model (CFM). Geomorphic units, geologic formations, active faults and land subsidence zones of the Taiyuan Basin were mapped in detail. Correlations between these factors and earth fissures were evaluated through spatial modelling in ArcGIS. The AUC was introduced into the AHP to weight each factor and thus, to derive an earth fissure susceptibility map. Finally, the modelled earth fissure susceptibility was compared with a digital inventory of earth fissures to develop a probability function and map the spatial variability in failure probability through the CFM. The study indicates that active faults have the greatest contribution to the generation of earth fissures. Earth fissures are prone to develop in the piedmont alluvial-diluvial clinoplain and the transitional zone near the geomorphic boundary. This mapping procedure can assist in making rational decisions regarding urban planning and infrastructure development in areas susceptible to earth fissures.

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Effects of groundwater withdrawal on land subsidence in Kashan Plain, Iran

Cited by 43 publications

References 31 publications

Performance Evaluation of GIS-Based Novel Ensemble Approaches for Land Subsidence Susceptibility Mapping

Performance Evaluation of GIS-Based Novel Ensemble Approaches for Land Subsidence Susceptibility Mapping

A Novel Approach to Model Earth Fissure Caused by Extensive Aquifer Exploitation and its Application to the Wuxi Case, China

A probabilistic method for mapping earth fissure hazards

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