Abstract. Optical fiber sensing technology has been shown to advantage in physical testing. In terms of chemical content and biomass detection, its specificity and flexibility cannot meet the demand of the rapid development of biology, chemistry, due to the material, structure and process of bondage. At the same time, along with the progress of nanometer materials preparation and testing technology, nanotechnology applications become mature in the field of biochemical. This paper introduces the development status of fiber optic sensor and the Raman spectra of metal nanoparticles. The various cases of Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope were mainly introduced in the paper, compared with sample under different conditions. By observing the surface morphology and composition of samples, and understanding the generation mechanism of samples, analyzing the effect of a variety of experimental conditions on the generated samples, the optimization of conditions was selected.