Effects of hesperidin in orange juice on blood and pulse pressures in mildly hypertensive individuals: a randomized controlled trial (Citrus study)

Abstract

Purpose To assess the sustained and acute effects, as well as the influence of sustained consumption on the acute effects, of orange juice (OJ) with a natural hesperidin content and hesperidin-enriched OJ (EOJ) on blood (BP) and pulse (PP) pressures in pre- and stage-1 hypertensive individuals. Methods In a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, participants (n = 159) received 500 mL/day of control drink, OJ, or EOJ for 12 weeks. Two dose–response studies were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results A single EOJ dose (500 mL) reduced systolic BP (SBP) and PP, with greater changes after sustained treatment where a decrease in diastolic BP (DBP) also occurred (P < 0.05). SBP and PP decreased in a dose-dependent manner relative to the hesperidin content of the beverages throughout the 12 weeks (P < 0.05). OJ and EOJ decreased homocysteine levels at 12 weeks versus the control drink (P < 0.05). After 12 weeks of EOJ consumption, four genes related to hypertension (PTX3, NLRP3, NPSR1 and NAMPT) were differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion Hesperidin in OJ reduces SBP and PP after sustained consumption, and after a single dose, the chronic consumption of EOJ enhances its postprandial effect. Decreases in systemic and transcriptomic biomarkers were concomitant with BP and PP changes. EOJ could be a useful co-adjuvant tool for BP and PP management in pre- and stage-1 hypertensive individuals.

Impact of hesperidin in 100% orange juice on chronic disease biomarkers: A narrative systematic review and gap analysis

“…Three studies reported significant increases in Apo A-1 (Constans et al 2015), HDL (Kurowska et al 2000) or triglyceride levels (Franke et al 2005;Kurowska et al 2000). Other studies reported significant decreases in total cholesterol (Dourado and Cesar 2015;Gonçalves et al 2017), LDL (Dourado and Cesar 2015;Gonçalves et al 2017;Li et al 2020), and ratio of HDL to LDL (Kurowska et al 2000), or diastolic (Morand et al 2011) or systolic blood pressure levels (Valls et al 2021).…”

Reappraisal of Dietary Phytochemicals for Coronavirus Infection: Focus on Hesperidin and Quercetin

“…Since COVID-19 is a multi-organ disease and has more serious clinical consequences in patients with pulmonary, intestinal, hepatic and cardiovascular comorbidities, it is conceivable that its clinical course may profit from the multiple beneficial effects of hesperidin and quercetin in systemic pathologies of this type (point * 5 in Figure 6). Epidemiological studies have reported an inverse relationship between citrus flavonoid intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease [151,152]. From a careful review of the literature [153], the use of natural antioxidant polyphenols seems to be an excellent approach as they have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.…”

“…Hesperidin led to a significant decrease in serum levels of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TNF-α and high sensitive-CRP. The data on the antihypertensive effect of hesperidin is more uncertain but recently Valls et al published a study on healthy volunteers in which they actually showed an antihypertensive effect of orange juice enriched with hesperidin [152].…”

Hesperidin ameliorates hepatic dysfunction and dyslipidemia in male Wistar rats exposed to cadmium chloride

“…Hesperidin (HSP) is a bioflavonoid (flavonoids have diphenol structure with the molecular formula C 28 H 34 O 15 ) and found mainly in vegetables, herbs, fruits and legumes. Nearly 5000 kinds of flavonoids have been identified to be abundantly present in citrus fruits [ 19 , 20 ]. Hesperidin derives its name from the word “hesperidium”, the kind of fruit produced by citrus trees [ 21 ].…”

“…Hesperidin is believed to be a secondary metabolite playing a role in plant defense against fungal and bacterial invasions [ 22 ]. The sweet oranges ( Citrus sinensis ) and tangelos are known to contain very high amount of hesperidin and are the major sources of hesperidin extraction albeit recent study have shown that it can be synthesized [ 19 , 23 ]. Hesperidin is therefore a classical dietary polyphenol, which has been shown to exert varieties of pharmacological actions.…”