Effects of Hexane Extract of Garlic on Hematological, Biochemical and Histological Parameters in F1 Crossbred Chicks Non-Infected and Infected with Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract

An experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of garlic extract on hematological, biochemical, and histopathological profiles in F1 crossbred chicks (White Leghorn cops × Nigerian Heavy Ecotype chickens) non-infected and infected with Salmonella typhimurium. This experiment was carried out to contribute to the genetic improvement of local Nigerian chickens while controlling salmonellosis and combating antibiotic resistance. Two hundred and forty (240) chicks at two weeks old were randomly divided into six treatments: T1 (No Salmonella and no garlic), T2 (garlic only), T3 (Ciprofloxacin only), T4 (Salmonella + Ciprofloxacin), T5 (Salmonella + garlic) and T6 (Salmonella without garlic or ciprofloxacin) and reared for six days. On day seven, birds were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for hematology and biochemistry analysis, while liver and small intestines were also collected for histopathology. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and were means were found to be significant, Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test was used to separate the means at a 5% probability level. The results revealed that white blood cell counts, neutrophils percentage, liver enzymes, total protein, and the weight of organs increased significantly on T6. In contrast, packed cell volume, red blood cell counts, and hemoglobin decreased significantly. Liver and small intestines damage were also observed. However, feeding birds with garlic counteracted the effect of ST on those parameters. It can be concluded that hexane extract of garlic can alleviate the harmful effect of ST in birds’ systems and, thus, used in Poultry Farms against antibiotic resistance.

Trial for Preparation and Evaluation of Autogenous Killed Vaccine Against Some Locally Isolated Strains of Salmonella enterica from Chickens in Egypt

“…Salmonellosis is an essential foodborne diseasecausing mortalities and variable diseases in human (Tchoupou-Tchoupou et al 2022). Furthermore, contaminated poultry products and eggs are the main reservoir for Salmonellae.…”

Oxidative stress and toxicity produced by arsenic and chromium in broiler chicks and application of vitamin E and bentonite as ameliorating agents

“…However, due to the cleansing systems of bare birds/animals, exposure to different toxicants yields rapid and increased formation of ROS. ROS production triggers the lipid peroxidation process, leading to cell membrane damage and the development of TBARS ( 19 ). As a result, the increased concentration of oxidative stress indices (TOC and MDA) in the present investigation might be connected to antioxidant enzyme diminution and misbalancing ( 58 ).…”

“…Broiler chicks ( n = 10) were selected randomly from each group and killed humanely on experimental days 21 and 42 to collect blood with anticoagulant (EDTA; 1.0 mg/mL blood) for hematological studies, including total erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and total leukocyte counts were determined. Briefly, total erythrocyte and leukocyte counts were figured out following the techniques already described ( 19 ) by diluting blood with Natt and Herrick solution and with the aid of a Neubauer counting chamber (Hemocytometer) were counted under a light microscope ( 20 ). Using Drabkin's solution, hemoglobin was determined spectrophotometrically (540 nm) through the cyanmethemoglobin method.…”

Multi-Barcode for Detection of Avian Bacterial and Viral Pathogens: A Review

“…That includes fowl pox, reovirus, avian adenoviruses, chicken infectious anemia (CIA), coryza, and colibacillosis. Important avian adenoviruses cause egg drop syndrome (EDS) and inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) (Hess 2000;Wibowo et al 2019;Liu et al 2021;Tchoupou-Tchoupou et al 2022;Du et al 2023;Abdel-Alim et al 2023). Some of these agents also have zoonotic potential, such as avian chlamydiosis, avian tuberculosis, fowl typhoid, pullorum disease, AI, and ND.…”