Effects of High and Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oils on Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function of the Chick

Abstract

Duplicate experiments were conducted to compare energy utilization, growth, cardiac mitochondrial oxidative phosphoryl,tion, and mitochondrial membrane fatty acid composition of chicks fed diets containing 20 parts of high erucic acid rapeseed oil (HER), low erucic acid rapeseed oil (LER) or sunflower seed oil (SFO) for 24 days. Chicks fed diets containing HER deposited less fat and utilized energy less efficiently (kcal gained/kcal consumed) than chicks fed diets containing either LER or SFO. Energetic efficiency and fat deposition of chicks pair-fed diets containing LER were significantly lower than for chicks fed diets containing SFO. Cardiac mitochondria isolated from chicks fed diets containing either HER or LER for 24 days had significantly reduced ADP/O ratios and reduced rates of ATP synthesis utilizing pyruvate and malate as the respiratory substrates when compared with mitochondria isolated from chicks fed SFO. Diet induced transitions in fatty acid composition of cardiac mitochondrial membranes were also observed. The composition of fat ingested affected the fatty acid composition of mitochondrial diphosphatidyl glycerol more than the fatty acid composition of phosphatidyl choline or phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The linoleic acid content of mitochondrial diphosphatidyl glycerol was lower and the gadoleic acid and erucic acid content higher for chicks fed diets containing rapeseed oils than for chicks fed SFO containing diets. These studies indicate that a complex dynamic mechanism exists associating dietary fat with mitochondrial structural-functional changes and energetic efficiency in the growing chick.

Rapeseed oil-rich diet alters hepatic mitochondrial membrane lipid composition and disrupts bioenergetics

“…Dietary effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics (Fig. 3) were similar to those previously described for cardiac mitochondria isolated from chick-fed diets containing rapeseed oils, including a reduction in the respiratory efficiency and decreased ADP/O ratio (Clandinin 1978;Renner et al 1979). Other possible cause for altered mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may reside in CL content changes.…”

“…Our choice of a rapeseed oil-containing diet was based on the fact that this diet, which has an important and significant role in human diet, was already demonstrated to promote changes in terms of lipid composition in heart mitochondria (Innis and Clandinin 1981b). Many studies regarding the effects of rapeseed oil-enriched diets on membrane composition and function (Dewailly et al 1977;Innis and Clandinin 1981a, b;Renner et al 1979) were triggered by the correlation between longtime exposure to these diets and rat heart lesions, including necrotic foci, aggregations of mononuclear cells and an increase in the connective tissue elements. These adverse effects were attributed to erucic acid, a major constituent in rapeseed oil (Abdellatif and Vles 1970).…”

“…Bioenergetic studies revealed that the efficiency of rat heart mitochondria to oxidize substrates was substantially lowered when rapeseed oil was incorporated in the diet (Houtsmuller et al 1970). Decreased rates of ATP synthesis and ADP/O ratios were also associated with cardiac mitochondria isolated from animal-fed diets containing rapeseed oils (Clandinin 1978;Renner et al 1979). Later, it was described that rats fed with high erucic acid rapeseed oil showed higher mitochondrial phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels than rats fed with soybean oil, and rats fed with low erucic acid rapeseed oil had an increased content in cardiac mitochondrial cardiolipin (CL) (Innis and Clandinin 1981b).…”

The Lipid Composition of Erythrocyte Membranes and Plasma Lipoproteins in "Double-Muscled" Cattle

“…In a second study, the total lipid composition of plasma, plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) and plasma low plus very low density lipoprotein (LDL-VLDL) fractions was determined in six extreme-and (King et al 1976 (Basarab 1981). Animals categorized as phenotypically normal-muscled were carriers of the "double-muscling" trait as they had either produced extreme-muscled DM calves or were sired by an extreme-muscled DM bull from the DM population (Basarab 1981 McClymont (1979) and Renner et al (1979).…”

Expressão do mRNA de genes mitocondriais e desempenho produtivo de codornas alimentadas com glicerol

“…As informações existentes sobre o efeito de níveis nutricionais na fosforilação oxidativa mostram que rações com maior inclusão de proteína bruta ou de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa reduziram a síntese de ATP ou a relação ADP:O 2 (Clandinin, 1978). Renner et al (1979) encontraram menor eficiência energética em frangos alimentados com alta inclusão de óleo de colza, e atribuíram esse resultado ao desacoplamento da fosforilação oxidativa.…”