Effects of hormone replacement therapy on weight, abdominal fat distribution, and lipid levels in Japanese postmenopausal women

Sumino, Hiroyuki; Ichikawa, Shûichi; Yoshida, Akihiro; Murakami, Masami; Kanda, Tsugiyasu; Mizunuma, Hideki; Sakamaki, Tatsuya; Kurabayashi, Masahiko

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802371

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Estrogen replacement alone, or in combination with progesterone can prevent menopause-induced gains in adipose tissue mass (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). For example, women randomized to hormone replacement therapy in the Women's Health Initiative were leaner, more insulin sensitive, and less likely to develop Type 2 diabetes than women randomized to placebo (20).…”

Section: Estrogen (E2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen Regulation of Adiposity and Fuel Partitioning

D'Eon

Souza

Aronovitz

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

437

169

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Menopause is associated with increased adiposity and greater risk of metabolic disease. In the ovariectomized (OVX) rodent model of menopause, increased adiposity is prevented by estrogen (E2) replacement, reflecting both anorexigenic and potentially metabolic actions of E2. To elucidate metabolic and molecular mechanisms by which E2 regulates fat storage and fat mobilization independently of reduced energy intake, C57 BL/6 mice were ovariectomized, randomized to estrogen (OVX-E2) or control pellet implants (OVX-C), and pairfed for 40 days. E2 treatment was associated with reduced adipose mass and adipocyte size and downregulation of lipogenic genes in adipocytes under the control of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1c. Adipocytes of OVX-E2 mice contained >3-fold more perilipin protein than adipocytes of pairfed control (OVX) mice, and this difference was associated with enhanced ex vivo lipolytic response to catecholamines and with greater levels of serum-free fatty acids following fasting. As in adipose tissue, E2 decreased the expression of lipogenic genes in liver and skeletal muscle. In the latter, E2 appears to promote the partitioning of free fatty acids toward oxidation and away from triglyceride storage by up-regulating the expression of peroxisome proliferation activator receptor-␦ and its downstream targets and also by directly and rapidly activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Thus, novel genomic and non-genomic actions of E2 promote leanness in OVX mice independently of reduced energy intake. Estrogen (E2)3 is a steroid hormone whose actions are mediated by genomic and non-genomic mechanisms (1). The classical genomic mechanism of E2 action involves activation of its nuclear receptor (estrogen receptor (ER) ␣ or ␤), receptor dimerization, and subsequent binding to ER response elements (EREs) located in the promoters of target genes. More recently, E2 has been shown to have rapid, nongenomic biological effects, believed to be mediated through membranebound subpopulations of ER-␣ and ER-␤ and/or the newly described G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPRC30) (2-7). Here, we provide evidence that E2 has significant effects on energy metabolism through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms and that these effects collectively promote leanness in pairfed ovariectomized (OVX) mice.Systemic loss of estrogen at menopause is associated with increased adiposity, which is implicated in the elevated risk of age-related metabolic disease in women (8 -12). Estrogen replacement alone, or in combination with progesterone can prevent menopause-induced gains in adipose tissue mass (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). For example, women randomized to hormone replacement therapy in the Women's Health Initiative were leaner, more insulin sensitive, and less likely to develop Type 2 diabetes than women randomized to placebo (20). These observations suggest an important, beneficial role for estrogen in energy regulation. Moreover, the beneficial metabolic role of estrogen may not be limited to women (21,22).The molecular ...

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Section: Estrogen (E2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen Regulation of Adiposity and Fuel Partitioning

D'Eon

Souza

Aronovitz

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

437

169

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“…28,[38][39][40] Some observational studies and clinical trials have reported the association of use of hormonal therapy with lower waist-to-hip ratio or central body fat distribution. 5,17,38,[41][42][43][44][45] Changes in body fat distribution during menopausal transition could thus be related to the dynamics of estrogens, SHBG or the relative androgenicity, which are modified by the menopause transition. 8,46 The SWAN study has noted a lower estrodiol and SHBG concentration in Chinese-American women who also had comparatively lower mean BMI values.…”

Section: Menopausal Transition and Body Composition Sc Ho Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Studies have noted the adverse changes in body composition and fat distribution, including loss of lean mass, [5][6] increase in fat mass [6][7][8][9] and redistribution of fat from periphery to the center 7-10 during midlife.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menopausal transition and changes of body composition: a prospective study in Chinese perimenopausal women

Chan

et al. 2010

Int J Obes

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Objectives: Whether age or menopause per se influences fat distribution remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the change of body composition, particularly body fat distribution, in relation to menopausal transition in a 30-month prospective study of perimenopausal women. Methods: A total of 438 community-based healthy women aged 44-55 years participated in the Hong Kong Perimenopausal Women Osteoporosis Study. Data were obtained at baseline, and at 9-, 18-and 30-month during the follow-up. Soft tissue measurements consisting of fat mass and lean muscle mass of the trunk and whole body were obtained by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Percentage change of body measurements over the follow-up period was compared between women who remained premenopausal, those who went through menopausal transition, and those who were menopausal since baseline. Results: A slight decrease in the lean mass but an increase in the total fat mass and trunk fat mass (TFM) over the follow-up period were noted. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age was negatively associated with an increase in central obesity. Adjusted for the important predictorsFage, age of menarche and education level, menopausal status was a significant and independent predictor of the decrease in lean mass and the increase in percent of body fat, TFM and trunk-leg fat mass ratio. Conclusion: Our 30-month longitudinal study showed that menopause has an independent effect on an increase in fat mass, and an increase in central obesity in perimenopausal Chinese women.

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“…In women, the menopause is associated with increased concentrations of TC, TG, LDL and decreased concentrations of HDL. 40 In the present study, TG and HDL levels were increased in ovariectomized rats treated with 17α-ethynylestradiol, but there were no significant differences in TC and LDL levels. Camara et al 25 and Antunes et al 41 indicated that in ovariectomized rats there were no significant changes in the levels of TC and LDL as in our present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Effects of Asparagus racemosus Root Extracts on Serum Lipid Profiles, Lipid Peroxidation and Superoxide Dismutase in Ovariectomized Rat

Taepongsorat¹,

Phadungkit²

2018

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Background: Once rats have been ovariectomized they have a high risk of cardiovascular disease due to changes in the blood cholesterol and lipid profile. Objective: To investigate the effects of Asparagus racemosus (AR) root extract on the serum lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in ovariectomized rats. Methods: Twenty-five, two month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: SH, OVX,OEE, OAAR and OEAR. The daily doses of 500 mg/KgBW of the AR root extracts for five weeks.The levels of serum TG, TC, HDL, LDL, the liver, kidney and uterine tissue lipid peroxidation and SOD levels were determined. Results: Serum TC and LDL showed no significant differences in any groups. Serum TG of the OAAR and OEAR groups were not significantly different. The serum HDL of the OAAR and OEAR groups were significantly lower than the OEE group. The liver MDA levels of the OAAR and OEAR groups were significantly decreased compared with the OVX and OEE groups while the SOD level of the OAAR group was significantly increased. The MDA levels in the kidney and uterine of the treated group showed no significant difference. The SOD levels in the kidney of the treated group were not different but the SOD levels in uterine were significantly decreased. Conclusion: It can be believed that the lipid profiles were maybe regulated via estrogen.The AR extract has low effects on the lipid profiles at this dose and duration of treatment. The capacity of the extracts to decrease the MDA level and increase the SOD level in this study clearly reflected the antioxidant efficiency of these substances. or sam-roi-rak. The extracts of the roots of AR have in the last few years been determined to have a phytoestrogenic effect and help with neurodegenerative disorders, in addition to effects on antidiarrheal, antidyspepsia, adaptogenic, cardioprotective, antibacterial, immunoadjuvant and antitussive.5 There are two major forms in which the root extracts of AR have been used (methanolic and aqueous extracts) as tablets, powders in tablets or a syrup form. 6 In addition, there have been reports of activities related to immunostimulant, antihepatotoxic or antioxytocic. 5 In laboratory animals, there have been recent reports the extracts of AR roots have antioxidant and antidiarrheal effects. [7][8] In rats, the lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde: MDA) decreased while there were increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and ascorbic acid by the methanolic root extracts.

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Effects of hormone replacement therapy on weight, abdominal fat distribution, and lipid levels in Japanese postmenopausal women

Cited by 53 publications

References 59 publications

Estrogen Regulation of Adiposity and Fuel Partitioning

Estrogen Regulation of Adiposity and Fuel Partitioning

Menopausal transition and changes of body composition: a prospective study in Chinese perimenopausal women

Effects of Asparagus racemosus Root Extracts on Serum Lipid Profiles, Lipid Peroxidation and Superoxide Dismutase in Ovariectomized Rat

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