Effects of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis reactivity on periodontal tissue destruction in rats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of an association between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity and progression of periodontal disease. Histocompatible Lewis and Fischer 344 rats respond to stressful stimuli with low and high HPA axis reactivity, respectively. Experimental periodontitis was induced by tying a silk ligature around the neck of maxillary 2nd right molar teeth in 10 Lewis and 10 Fischer 344 rats with contralateral non-manipulated teeth as controls. Twenty non-manipulated animals were included. Also, experimental periodontitis was induced in 10 adrenalectomized Wistar rats and in 10 sham-operated rats. Furthermore, corticosterone pellets were subcutaneously implanted in 9 Lewis rats, while placebo pellets were implanted in 8 animals. Disease progression was evaluated histometrically and radiographically. The low-responding Lewis rats developed significantly less periodontal breakdown than did the high-responding Fischer 344 rats. Administration of corticosterone increased the disease development. while adrenalectomy reduced the disease severity. Our findings demonstrate the importance of genetic factors in the development of periodontal disease, and suggest that HPA axis hyper-activation is one mechanism by which periodontal disease susceptibility may be increased.

Effect of chronic stress in newborn rats on the progression of ligature-induced-periodontitis in adulthood

“…In addition, observational studies in humans have pointed out this same relationship, but with poor information regarding biological events 7 . Despite this, we still lack the establishment of stress as a risk factor 14 as occurs, for instance, to diabetes and tobacco At the present time, there are a reasonable number of studies demonstrating that manipulation of the HPA axis can either lead to greater progression of periodontitis 16 or prevent its progression 17 . In this sense, other evidences have indicated that this manipulation could start, perhaps in the near future, even before birth.…”

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Case Report With Premature Teeth Exfoliation and Bone Resorption

“…8 In addition, adrenal hyperactivation has been found to increase infection susceptibility 9 and increase the risk for development of periodontal disease. 10 Periodontal disease is related to loss of teeth. 11 Accelerated tooth eruption has been reported in patients with CAH.…”

Carrageenin-Induced Periodontitis as an Experimental Model in Rats Analyzed by Micro-Computerized Tomography

“…Many kinds of animals have been used for periodontitis research previously, non-human primates 1,2) , dogs 3,4) , rats 5,6) , mice 7,8) and so on 9) ; however, each of these animals has particular characteristics. For example, in non-human primates and dogs, the progress of periodontitis is similar to that in humans; however, they are difficult to handle and are expensive 10) .…”

“…In particular, the use of non-human primates has ethical issues 10) . On the other hand, although rodents including rats and mice are resistant to periodontitis naturally, they are used for periodontal research [3][4][5][6] , since they are easy to handle and are inexpensive 10) . In rats and mice, experimental periodontitis is induced by inoculation of bacteria [6][7][8][11][12][13] and placement of ligatures 5,[14][15][16][17] ; however, for inoculation of bacteria, the experiment includes bacteria culture, the method of inoculating bacteria is complicated, and a long period is required to establish periodontitis.…”

“…On the other hand, although rodents including rats and mice are resistant to periodontitis naturally, they are used for periodontal research [3][4][5][6] , since they are easy to handle and are inexpensive 10) . In rats and mice, experimental periodontitis is induced by inoculation of bacteria [6][7][8][11][12][13] and placement of ligatures 5,[14][15][16][17] ; however, for inoculation of bacteria, the experiment includes bacteria culture, the method of inoculating bacteria is complicated, and a long period is required to establish periodontitis. Although the experimental method of ligature placement is a simple model, the upper jaw was selected as the experimental target in previous studies 5, [14][15][16] , since the cheek and tongue act as obstacles in lower jaw operations; however, since periodontitis occurs not only in the maxilla but also the mandibule, a simple, easy and reliable experimental model of mandibule in rats and/or mice is required for research for periodontitis.…”