“…This certainly provides a more interactive, innovative, and certainly collaborative learning experience (Balan et al, 2019;Chang et al, 2020). In line with research by taking a problembased approach, students will be more active in learning, able to solve problems on their own, and can also exchange ideas with classmates to find solutions to problems given by the teacher (Zhang & Hwang, 2023). Learning activities are carried out conventionally, the condition is that students only get information from the teacher or textbooks and most students are required to remember information in the form of answers given by the teacher (L.-F. Luke et al, 2021).…”