Effects of iron particles’ volume fraction on compression mode properties of magnetorheological elastomers

Vatandoost, Hossein; Rakheja, Subhash

doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.167552

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The MR effect refers to an MRE’s sensitivity to an applied magnetic field [ 41 ]. The MR effect (%) here indicates the relative MR effect, which is calculated as the percentage increase in effective stiffness from 0 to 0.4 Tesla using Equation (2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For isotropic MREs, the filler particles are homogeneously distributed in the matrix as no external magnetic field is applied [ 33 , 40 ]. After curing, the particles are fixed in their respective positions in a solid matrix and upon application of an external magnetic field, the particles are polarized, causing them to align themselves in chains; this is known as the MR effect [ 23 , 33 , 41 ]. This MR effect is attributed to changes in shear modulus (G), Young’s modulus (E), and stiffness (K) of MRE [ 17 , 39 ], which varies with the different parametric characterization of MREs such as type of matrix material, use of additives, type, percentage content, size, shape, and distribution of magnetic particles, and the external stimuli such as amplitude and direction of a magnetic field [ 9 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantage of using iron is its high saturation magnetization and permeability (which represents its ease of magnetization) along with low remnant magnetization, i.e., the remaining magnetic effect after the external magnetic field is removed [ 20 , 34 , 43 ]. Researchers have considered it quite suitable for MREs and many studies have targeted the effect of changing the particle concentrations [ 22 , 41 , 44 ], size [ 17 , 32 , 34 , 45 ], shape [ 32 , 46 ], and distribution [ 40 , 47 ] on MREs. Having higher percentages of filler content is desirable, as the distances between particles are reduced and they become more sensitive and responsive to the applied magnetic field [ 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Volume Fraction on Shear Mode Properties of Fe-Co and Fe-Ni Filled Magneto-Rheological Elastomers

2022

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In this research, the synergistic behavior of magnetorheological elastomers containing nickel and cobalt along with iron particles as magnetically polarizable fillers is examined experimentally under dynamic shear loading. Two different types of magnetorheological elastomer were fabricated having equal proportions of iron and nickel in one kind, and iron and cobalt in the other. The concentrations of magnetic particles in each type are varied from 10% to 40% and investigated for several frequencies, displacement amplitude, and magnetic field values. A test assembly with moveable permanent magnets was used to vary magnetic field density. Force displacement hysteresis loops were studied for dynamic response of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs). It was observed that MREs showed a linear behavior at low strains while nonlinearity increased with increasing strain. The percentage filler content and frequency increased the MRE stiffness whereas it decreased with displacement amplitude. The computed maximum magnetorheological (MR) effect was 55.56 percent. While MRE with iron and cobalt gave the highest effective stiffness, MRE with iron and nickel gave the highest MR effect.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Volume Fraction on Shear Mode Properties of Fe-Co and Fe-Ni Filled Magneto-Rheological Elastomers

2022

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“…The use of FLG in hybrid with iron particles not only exhibit higher mechanical properties, but also act as a magnetic sensor to be used for applications such as magneto-rheological effects (MREs). MREs are a class of smart materials where the reinforcing properties can be controlled by an external magnetic field [ 35 ]. MREs consists of a rubber or polymer matrix reinforced with iron particles, which can orient in the direction of a magnetic field [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MREs are a class of smart materials where the reinforcing properties can be controlled by an external magnetic field [ 35 ]. MREs consists of a rubber or polymer matrix reinforced with iron particles, which can orient in the direction of a magnetic field [ 35 ]. Depending on the subjecting of the magnetic field, they can be categorised as an isotropic and anisotropic class of MREs [ 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Silicone Rubber-Based Composites Reinforced with Few-Layer Graphene and Iron Oxide or Titanium Dioxide

Kumar

Song

et al. 2021

Polymers

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The increasing demand for polymer composites with novel or improved properties requires novel fillers. To meet the challenges posed, nanofillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been used. In the present work, few-layer graphene (FLG) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) or TiO2 were used as fillers in a room-temperature-vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber (SR) matrix. Composites were prepared by mixing RTV-SR with nanofillers and then kept for vulcanization at room temperature for 24 h. The RTV-SR composites obtained were characterized with respect to their mechanical, actuation, and magnetic properties. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was performed to investigate the composite raw materials and finished composites, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was used to study composite surface elemental compositions. Results showed that mechanical properties were improved by adding fillers, and actuation displacements were dependent on the type of nanofiller used and the applied voltage. Magnetic stress-relaxation also increased with filler amount and stress-relaxation rates decreased when a magnetic field was applied parallel to the deformation axes. Thus, this study showed that the inclusion of iron oxide (Fe3O4) or TiO2 fillers in RTV-SR improves mechanical, actuation, and magnetic properties.

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The Modeling of Magnetorheological Elastomers: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review

Saber

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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The magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are novel multifunctional materials wherein their viscoelastic properties can be varied instantly under an application of applied magnetic field. Due to their field‐dependent stiffness and damping properties, MREs are widely used in the development and design of MRE‐based adaptive vibration isolators and absorbers and also biomedical engineering. Moreover, MREs due to their inherent magnetostriction effect have enormous potential for the development of soft actuators. The dynamic behavior of MREs is affected by various material parameters (e.g., matrix and particle types, particle concentration, additives) as well as mechanical and magnetic loading parameters (e.g., frequency, amplitude, temperature, magnetic flux density). Understanding and predicting the effect of materials and loading parameters on the response behavior of MREs are of paramount importance for the design of MRE‐based adaptive structures and systems. This review paper mainly aims to provide a comprehensive study of material constitutive models to predict the nonlinear magnetomechanical behavior of MREs. Particular emphasis is paid to physics‐based models including continuum‐ and microstructure‐based models. Moreover, phenomenological models describing the dynamic magnetoviscoelastic behavior of MREs as well as the effect of temperature on the magnetomechanical behavior of such materials are properly addressed.

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Effects of iron particles’ volume fraction on compression mode properties of magnetorheological elastomers

Cited by 21 publications

References 50 publications

Effect of Volume Fraction on Shear Mode Properties of Fe-Co and Fe-Ni Filled Magneto-Rheological Elastomers

Effect of Volume Fraction on Shear Mode Properties of Fe-Co and Fe-Ni Filled Magneto-Rheological Elastomers

Properties of Silicone Rubber-Based Composites Reinforced with Few-Layer Graphene and Iron Oxide or Titanium Dioxide

The Modeling of Magnetorheological Elastomers: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review

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