Effects of Irrigation with Treated Wastewater or Well Water on the Nutrient Contents of Two Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Cultivars in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Soufan, Walid; Okla, Mohammad K.; Al-Ghamdi, Abdullah Ahmed

doi:10.3390/agronomy9110729

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In general, different alfalfa cultivars germinate effectively when suitable temperatures and adequate moisture are available [14]. Nevertheless, increasing salinity levels may adversely affect alfalfa seeds' germination percentage [26,27]. The present findings revealed considerable variations in GP among 12 alfalfa cultivars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

In vitro Evaluation of Seed Germination in Twelve Alfalfa Cultivars under Salt Stress

Soufan¹,

Dewir²,

Al-Suhaibani³

2023

Phyton

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), when exposed to abiotic stress such as salinity, suffers significant losses in yield and productivity. The present study evaluated the salinity tolerance of 12 alfalfa cultivars in vitro using five concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), ranging from 0 to 250 mmol L −1 . The results obtained in the current study revealed that the Saudi cultivars, Kasimi and Hassawi, and the German cultivar (Berlin) had the highest salinity tolerance in terms of germination percentage (GP), corrected germination rate index (CGRI), days to reach 50% germination (GT 50 ), and ability to form cotyledonary and true leaves. Under mmol L −1 NaCl, the Saudi cultivar Kasimi cultivar showed GP, CGRI, and GT 50 of 55.20%, 123.15, and 3.77 days, respectively. Similarly, the German cultivar (Berlin) showed GP, CGRI, and GT 50 of 50.06%, 86.61, and 5.17 days, respectively. These findings might reveal a pivotal aspect in salt tolerance in alfalfa. Our results will help to select salt-tolerant alfalfa cultivars that could thrive in arid and semi-arid areas with salinity problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

In vitro Evaluation of Seed Germination in Twelve Alfalfa Cultivars under Salt Stress

Soufan¹,

Dewir²,

Al-Suhaibani³

2023

Phyton

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“…This significant buildup was the consequence of N supply by TWW and UTWW as its absorption by plant parts, especially leaves [6]. This upsurge can be accredited to N migration from the roots to leaves and flowers [36]. The application of wastewater for a long-term duration led to a reduction in crop nutrient status due to nutrient leaching and reduction in crop size [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphorus is the second-most essential crop nutrient after N [39]. It plays a key role in plant functioning and is a vital component of proteins, sugar phosphate, phospholipids, enzymes, and energy-rich phosphate compounds [36]. According to Yuan et al [40], municipal wastewater contains 1-5% of P, which is a cheap source compared to other artificial fertilizers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrients Uptake and Accumulation in Plant Parts of Fragrant Rosa Species Irrigated with Treated and Untreated Wastewater

Ahsan

Nafees

Amin

et al. 2022

Plants

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Water scarcity has critically augmented the need for the exploration of alternative irrigation sources mainly in water-scarce regions. This water scarcity has put tremendous pressure on the agri-based economy of countries such as Pakistan. The reuse of sewage wastewater has been appearing as the only alternative water source, which can lessen our dependence upon freshwater (FW). The current study aimed to scrutinize the influence of treated wastewater (TWW) and untreated wastewater (UTWW) irrigation on the nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, and Na) concentration in different plant parts, i.e., roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, of four scented Rosa species (R. bourboniana, R. centifolia, R. Gruss-an-telpitz, and R. damascena) during the first week of 2018 to the last week of 2019. The experiment was arranged according to the two-factor factorial arrangement i.e., factor I was the irrigation source, while factor II was the Rosa species. The experimental water analysis showed that mineral and chemical concentrations in FW and TWW were within permissible limits of national environmental quality standards (NEQSs) for wastewater. The UTWW of this study possessed a higher electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), and metals (Cd, Co, and Pb) than recommended levels. The results revealed that P, K, Ca, and Na contents significantly increased in all studied plant parts of Rosa species as the duration of irrigation with TWW and UTWW increased and vice versa in the case of N contents, while the ratio of N content elevation by applying TWW and UTWW were also not increased compared to other studied nutrients. The nutrients (except Ca) were found as maximum in all plant parts with UTWW compared to FW and TWW irrigation in roses. These stimulations were accredited to the presence of higher essential nutrients and some metals in UTWW. This experiment confirmed the disparities in nutrient contents of scented Rosa species due to the different absorbability of each element in every plant part. Regarding the nutrient accumulation in rose plant tissues, the results of the present study confirm that untreated wastewater must be treated to some extent to grow scented roses where water is scarce.

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“…Treated wastewater may be used in various places, depending on the water quality, degree of treatment, and environmental impact. Landscapes, large green spaces, roadside trees and plants, industrial crops, or fodder crops can all be irrigated with treated wastewater depending on the degree of wastewater treatment [70,[77][78][79]. Treated wastewater can also be used to irrigate crops for energy production [72,76].…”

Section: Managing Treated Wastewater and Its Potential In Water Scarc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While it is possible to use cleaned wastewater for landscaping, it may also contain pathogens, emerging contaminants (drugs and other pharmaceuticals), and excessive sodium levels that make fertile fields salty. Treated wastewater on an alfalfa fodder crop outperformed wastewater in a recent study [10,77]. However, they issued a warning that before treated wastewater may be consistently used in irrigation processes, further long-term research is necessary that considers the variations across agricultural sites, changes in the effectiveness of water treatment, and the crop being watered with treated wastewater.…”

Section: Managing Treated Wastewater and Its Potential In Water Scarc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Scarcity Management to Ensure Food Scarcity through Sustainable Water Resources Management in Saudi Arabia

et al. 2023

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Saudi Arabia (SA) faces a water shortage, and it further challenges sustainable agriculture, industrial development and the well-being of people. SA uses more than 80% of its water resources for agricultural purposes. Groundwater extractions account for most of this demand, which is not sustainable. Hence, this study aims to analyze water management practices used in SA to propose viable and workable solutions to achieve sustainable management of scarce water resources. This study is based on a critical evaluation of information available on the water sector in SA. About 89% of the water demand in the Kingdom is non-sustainably met through over-pumping from groundwater resources and 9.3% by energy-intensive desalination. SA invested in dams and developed rainwater harvesting to enhance surface water availability and increase the recharge capacity of renewable aquifers. As there is a huge demand–supply gap, water demand management tools are the viable solutions leading to sustainability compared to supply enhancement that is capital intensive. A national agricultural policy, together with a water policy, can make agricultural systems more input efficient with higher productivity. Region-specific sustainable water resources management plans need to be implemented to match the demand–supply gap. Conjunctive water uses utilizing and prioritizing different water sources viz. harvested rainwater, treated wastewater, desalinized water, and groundwater, is vital in sustainable water resources management. In addition, climate change has exerted pressure on the available water resources and water uses as well as users, leading to adaptation for measures that are more sustainable in terms of water management. The most pressing problem SA faces in water resources management is the depletion and degradation of surface and subsurface water sources. SA has to implement many technological and legislative changes in addition to service management, conservation measures, paying a reasonable and justifiable price for water, and strengthening state agencies that will make water resources management in SA sustainable.

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Effects of Irrigation with Treated Wastewater or Well Water on the Nutrient Contents of Two Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Cultivars in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

In vitro Evaluation of Seed Germination in Twelve Alfalfa Cultivars under Salt Stress

In vitro Evaluation of Seed Germination in Twelve Alfalfa Cultivars under Salt Stress

Nutrients Uptake and Accumulation in Plant Parts of Fragrant Rosa Species Irrigated with Treated and Untreated Wastewater

Water Scarcity Management to Ensure Food Scarcity through Sustainable Water Resources Management in Saudi Arabia

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