Effects of Kangfuxin solution on IL‑1β, IL‑6, IL‑17 and TNF‑α in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with fixed orthodontic gingivitis

Abstract

Changes of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with fixed orthodontic gingivitis after treatment with Kangfuxin solution were analyzed to explore the clinical effect of Kangfuxin solution in patients with orthodontic gingivitis. A total of 78 patients diagnosed with fixed orthodontic gingivitis in Weifang People's Hospital from January 2015 to March 2017 were selected. Thirty-nine patients were treated with gingival cleansing as control group, and the other 39 patients were treated with gingival cleansing plus spraying and sublingual administration with Kangfuxin solution as treatment group. The general data of patients were collected, and the changes of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid were measured, the bleeding index (BI), probing depth (PD), swelling and pain grades were recorded, and the clinical curative effects were compared between the two groups. The curative effect in treatment group was better than that in control group (p<0.05). After treatment, gingival BI and PD in both groups were lower than those before treatment. The curative effect in treatment group was better than that in control group (p<0.05). The levels of gingival pain and swelling after treatment in treatment group were mainly in grade I. The levels of gingival pain and swelling after treatment in control group were mainly in grade II and III (p<0.05). After treatment, the effective rate of control group was 76.92% and that of treatment group was 97.44% (p<0.05). It was found that the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid were positively correlated with PD. The use of Kangfuxin solution in the treatment of patients with orthodontic gingivitis can effectively reduce the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid, and improve the periodontal conditions and the effective rate of treatment.

High Glucose Exacerbates TNF-α-Induced Proliferative Inhibition in Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells through Upregulation and Activation of TNF Receptor 1

“…TNF-α, one of the most critical inflammatory factors in the progress of periodontitis [6], is mainly produced by activated macrophages, natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. It is reported that there is a positive correlation between the concentration of TNF-α in the gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal inflammatory status [7]. TNF-α regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by binding to its membrane-bound receptors [8].…”

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“…Xia et al (2015) found a significant increase in the number of mast cells and IL-6 levels and a significant decrease in IL-10 levels in hemorrhoidal tissues using immunohistochemistry, suggesting that mast cells may participate in local inflammatory responses in hemorrhoidal tissues by releasing inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Liu et al (2016) found an increase in the expression of IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-α in the mucosa and endothelial cells of hemorrhoidal tissues, which may be closely related to the pathogenesis of hemorrhoids. Zhu et al (2021) found an increase in the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in prolapsed hemorrhoidal tissues, suggesting that inflammatory factors may be involved in the damage to anal cushion tissues.…”

Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of PGLa-loaded TiO2 nanotube arrays

“…As an inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α played an essential role in the bone destruction of peri-implant inflammation ( Petkovic-Curcin et al, 2017 ; Duarte et al, 2009 ). The concentration of TNF-α in the gingival crevicular fluid determined the degree of periodontal inflammation ( Liu et al, 2018 ). TNF-α regulated cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by binding to membrane-bound receptors ( Locksley et al, 2001 ).…”