Effects of Lower Limb Length and Body Proportions on the Energy Cost of Overground Walking in Older Persons

Vannetti, Federica; Pasquini, Guido; Vitiello, Nicola; Molino-Lova, Raffaele

doi:10.1155/2014/318204

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…We presented the unadjusted model (Model 1), then the model adjusted for age, history of stroke, and height (Model 2). Age and history of stroke were included due to their known associations with walking capacity (19,23,(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64) and global cognitive function (18, 65), and height was included to account for the known energy efficiency associated with walking with longer lower limb lengths (energy cost 2.6% lower for each 1 cm longer length) (66). To determine if there were sex-based differences in the association between global cognitive function and walking capacity, we included sex and an interaction term between sex*6 MWT distance in Models 3 and 4.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between global cognitive function and walking capacity in individuals with broad ranges of cognitive and physical function: Are there sex differences?

Wiley

Noguchi

Moncion

et al. 2022

Front. Rehabilit. Sci.

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IntroductionCognitive function is known to be associated with physical function, where greater walking capacity has been shown to have moderate to strong correlations with global cognitive function and other various domains of cognition in older adults with and without chronic conditions. Biological sex may moderate the relationship between cognitive and physical function, but whether sex differences exist in this association has not been examined in an aging population. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between global cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MoCA), walking capacity (6-Minute Walk Test distance; 6 MWT) and sex in an aging population with broad ranges of cognitive and physical function.MethodsParticipants were assessed for global cognitive function (MoCA) and walking capacity (6 MWT). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the interaction of sex in the association between MoCA and 6 MWT. First, we presented the unadjusted model (Model 1), then the model adjusted for age, history of stroke, and height (Model 2). To determine if there were sex-based differences in the association between global cognitive function and walking capacity, we included sex and an interaction term between sex*6 MWT distance in Models 3 and 4.ResultsTwenty-three females and 36 males were included in the multivariable regression analyses, respectively. Our sample represented broad ranges of cognitive and physical function levels, where MoCA scores ranged from 13 to 30, and 6 MWT distances from 203 to 750 m. 6 MWT distance was associated with MoCA in models unadjusted (R2 = 0.17; F(1,56) = 11.4; p < 0.01) and adjusted for age, stroke history, and height (R2 = 0.20; F(4,53) = 3.2; p = 0.02). No interaction with sex was found, but a main effect of sex was observed (R2 = 0.26; F(5,21) = 3.72; p = 0.03). When adjusting for age, height and history of stroke, males MoCA scores were 2.9 ± 1.3 less than the mean MoCA scores for females.DiscussionOur findings confirm the positive relationship between cognitive and physical function in older adults. Notably, we also observed superior performance in global cognition among females that was consistent across a broad spectrum of walking capacity.

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between global cognitive function and walking capacity in individuals with broad ranges of cognitive and physical function: Are there sex differences?

Wiley

Noguchi

Moncion

et al. 2022

Front. Rehabilit. Sci.

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The Metabolic Cost of Walking in healthy young and older adults – A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

Gupta

Bobbert

Kistemaker

2019

Sci Rep

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The Metabolic Cost of Walking ( MCoW ) is an important variable of daily life that has been studied extensively. Several studies suggest that MCoW is higher in Older Adults ( OA ) than in Young Adults ( YA ). However, it is difficult to compare values across studies due to differences in the way MCoW was expressed, the units in which it was reported and the walking speed at which it was measured. To provide an overview of MCoW in OA and YA and to investigate the quantitative effect of age on MCoW , we have conducted a literature review and performed two meta-analyses. We extracted data on MCoW in healthy YA (18–41 years old) and healthy OA (≥59 years old) and calculated, if not already reported, the Gross ( GCoW ) and Net MCoW ( NCoW ) in J/kg/m. If studies reported MCoW measured at multiple speeds, we selected those values for YA and OA at which MCoW was minimal. All studies directly comparing YA and OA were selected for meta-analyses. From all studies reviewed, the average GCoW in YA was 3.4 ± 0.4 J/kg/m and 3.8 ± 0.4 J/kg/m in OA (~12% more in OA ), and the average NCoW in YA was 2.4 ± 0.4 J/kg/m and 2.8 ± 0.5 J/kg/m in OA (~17% more in OA ). Our meta-analyses indicated a statistically significant elevation of both GCoW and NCoW (p < 0.001) for OA . In terms of GCoW , OA expended about 0.3 J/kg/m more metabolic energy than YA and about 0.4 J/kg/m more metabolic energy than YA in terms of NCoW . Our study showed a statistically significant elevation in MCoW of OA over YA . However, from the literature it is unclear if this elevation is directly caused by age or due to an interaction between age and methodology. We recommend further research comparing MCoW in healthy OA and YA during “natural” over-ground walking and treadmill walking, after sufficient familiarization time.

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Effects of Lower Limb Length and Body Proportions on the Energy Cost of Overground Walking in Older Persons

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

The association between global cognitive function and walking capacity in individuals with broad ranges of cognitive and physical function: Are there sex differences?

The association between global cognitive function and walking capacity in individuals with broad ranges of cognitive and physical function: Are there sex differences?

The Metabolic Cost of Walking in healthy young and older adults – A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

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