Effects of Nursing on Growth and Development of Small Bowel Mucosa in Newborn Piglets

Ulshen, Martin H.; Lecce, James G.; Stiles, Alan D.; Lyn‐Cook, Lascelles E.

doi:10.1203/00006450-199110000-00009

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Specifically, measures of villous height, epithelial barrier integrity, intestinal permeability, brush border disaccharidase and aminopeptidase activity and glucose transport are a few of the functional parameters shown to be improved in different animal species when fed specific growth factors present in mother's milk [40][41][42]. It should be noted that some studies have not found a growth difference between neonates fed formula or mother's milk, suggesting that macronutrients contained in the diet may be just as important as growth factors for gut growth [43,44]. However, these studies were performed in term neonates, supporting the view that the trophic response of mother's milk relative to formula may be most pronounced in preterm infants.…”

Section: Milk Diets and Gut Development In Preterm Neonatesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nutritional modulation of the gut microbiota and immune system in preterm neonates susceptible to necrotizing enterocolitis

Siggers

Thymann

Boye

et al. 2011

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

105

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Section: Milk Diets and Gut Development In Preterm Neonatesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nutritional modulation of the gut microbiota and immune system in preterm neonates susceptible to necrotizing enterocolitis

Siggers

Thymann

Boye

et al. 2011

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

105

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“…Others (Simmen et al, 1990a;Ulshen et al, 1991) have not demonstrated effects of colostrum beyond that observed in mature milk or milk-based formula. Simmen et al (1990a) compared intestinal growth of newborn piglets fed equivalent amounts of dry matter from defatted colostrum or milk for 24 h. Pigs on both treatments increased intestinal mass (by 55 and 23% respectively) and [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation per milligram of DNA (by 35 and 45%) compared to pigs fed a solution of 5% lactose; however, aside from increased mucosal uptake of IgG in colostrum-fed pigs, differences between colostrum-fed and milk-fed piglets were not detected.…”

Section: Early Postnatal Development Of the Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal effects of milkborne growth factors in neonates of agricultural importance.

Odle

Zijlstra

Donovan

1996

Journal of Animal Science

138

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Reduction of postnatal morbidity and mortality of mammalian neonates poses a significant challenge to agricultural and medical sciences. Because nutritional insufficiency and diarrhea represent major stressors, an understanding of factors mediating postnatal growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract is essential. This review explores the role that milkborne growth factors may play in stimulating functional development of the neonatal intestine, with emphasis on the porcine, bovine, and ovine species. Studies reporting milk concentrations and intestinal effects are reviewed, with emphasis on epidermal growth factor, insulin, and the insulin-like growth factors. Collectively, these studies suggest that milkborne growth factors may provide important regulatory signals to the neonatal intestine under both normal and pathophysiological states.

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“…The hemodynamic differences between the fetal and neonatal intestinal circulations might be anticipated because the fetal intestine is relatively dormant when compared to the newborn intestine. Intestinal oxygen uptake substantially increases following the initiation of feeding; this increase is consequent to the increased work that accompanies the postprandial state (34), as well as an increased rate of growth and maturation that occurs during very early newborn life (40,41). The metabolic theory of local blood flow regulation postulates a linkage between tissue metabolic rate, or oxygen uptake (or demand), and the two extracellular phases of oxygen transport, convection and diffusion, mediated by a tissue-derived vasodilatory feedback signal; accordingly, an increase in oxygen demand leads to a reduction in local vascular resistance, thus increasing local blood flow and hence oxygen delivery (12,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Dependent Changes in the Postnatal Intestinal Microcirculation

2001

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Significant changes occur in intestinal hemodynamics during the transition from fetal to newborn life and then again during the first postnatal month. Most importantly, basal vascular resistance substantially decreases following birth. It then decreases further between postnatal days 1 and 3, plateaus, and then begins a slow, progressive increase between postnatal days 12 and 30. The basal rate of intestinal blood flow mirrors the changes in vascular resistance in an inverse manner. The postnatal changes in vascular resistance appear to be mediated, in large part, by an increase in the constitutive and stimulated production of nitric oxide. Most importantly, the diameter of terminal mesenteric arteries (150-300 m diameter) in newborn (i.e., 1 day old) swine is determined by three intrinsic vascular control systems: endothelial production of nitric oxide and endothelin, and the inherent myogenic response of vascular smooth muscle. In contrast, these vessels in older subjects (i.e., 35 days old) are primarily passive in nature and fail to demonstrate significant diameter change in response to blockade of endogenous nitric oxide production or endothelin receptors, or applied perturbations of pressure or flow rate. The circulatory physiology of the perinatal and newborn intestine is exceptional when compared to the adult condition inasmuch as several hemodynamic variables change quite dramatically between fetal and neonatal life and during the first postnatal month. The unique hemodynamic conditions that characterize the perinatal and newborn intestine appear to be part of the overall physiological transition that occurs as the fetus, once born, replaces the placenta with his gastrointestinal tract to obtain nutrition. The goal of this review is to describe the circulatory physiology of the perinatal and newborn intestine, with a particular emphasis on those portions of the intestinal microcirculation that have thus far been studied. First, however, it is important to discuss the age-dependent changes that occur within the intestinal circulation during perinatal and early newborn life. Microcirculation (2001) 8, 377-387.

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Effects of Nursing on Growth and Development of Small Bowel Mucosa in Newborn Piglets

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Nutritional modulation of the gut microbiota and immune system in preterm neonates susceptible to necrotizing enterocolitis

Nutritional modulation of the gut microbiota and immune system in preterm neonates susceptible to necrotizing enterocolitis

Intestinal effects of milkborne growth factors in neonates of agricultural importance.

Age-Dependent Changes in the Postnatal Intestinal Microcirculation

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