Effects of Observing Athletic Contests on Hostility

Goldstein, Jeffrey H.; Arms, Robert L.

doi:10.2307/2786352

Cited by 95 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, additional work is needed on spectators at other youth events to determine if the effects found here are generalizable to other sports. It may be particularly important to examine sports with a greater level of violent content (e.g., youth football and hockey), given that aggressive sports often result in higher levels of spectator aggression (Arms, Russell, & Sandilands, 1979;Goldstein & Arms, 1971). Indeed, the fact that a nonaggressive sport was targeted in the current investigation may have led to the lack of significance regarding physical aggression; more aggressive sports may have resulted in a different outcome.…”

Section: Suggestions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 96%

Investigating the Impact of Team Identification on the Willingness to Commit Verbal and Physical Aggression by Youth Baseball Spectators

Wann

Weaver

Belva

et al. 2015

JAS

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The current investigation was designed to extend previous work on the aggressive actions of youth baseball spectators (Hennessy & Schwartz, 2007) by incorporating team identification into the research. Team identification, the extent to which a fan feels a psychological connection to a team, (Wann, Melnick, Russell, & Pease, 2001) has been found to be an important predictor of a wide variety of aggressive actions among sport consumers (Wann, 2006). Spectators (N = 80) at youth baseball games completed a questionnaire packet assessing demographics, team identification, vengeance, anger, hostility, and the likelihood of acting in a verbally or physically aggressive manner toward a number of potential targets (e.g., officials, opposing players). Consistent with expectations, team identification predicted a willingness to commit verbally aggressive acts. However, identification did not predict physical aggression.

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Section: Suggestions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 96%

Investigating the Impact of Team Identification on the Willingness to Commit Verbal and Physical Aggression by Youth Baseball Spectators

Wann

Weaver

Belva

et al. 2015

JAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Bandura et al's [1963] original findings that children are capable of observing and imitating aggressive models are evidence for this ability, as are studies showing that adults' observation of aggression increases aggressive responses [e.g., Goldstein and Arms, 1971]. Huesmann [1986] and Berkowitz [1984] have independently proposed theories that state that people can acquire aggressive scripts or primes, most notably from mass media sources, that can guide emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses in later contexts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The material culture of homicidal fantasies

Crabb

2000

Aggr. Behav.

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A descriptive study was conducted of normal undergraduate students' impulsive homicidal thoughts and the weapons used in these fantasies. Participants completed a questionnaire asking them to describe a recent incident in which they thought about killing someone. A significant proportion of participants reported having homicidal fantasies. Most fantasies were elicited by frustrating or threatening interpersonal events and involved material‐cultural weapons (e.g., firearms, knives, clubs) as opposed to organismic weapons (e.g., hands, feet). Material‐cultural weapons were rated as easier to use and more lethal than organismic weapons, and participants reported higher self‐efficacy beliefs for using material‐cultural weapons. Most participants reported that they had been exposed to mass media models using their weapons of choice and that they had access to these weapons. The findings are interpreted as evidence for evolved psychological machinery that can associate material‐cultural implements with aggressive behavior and rehearse this association through fantasy. Aggr. Behav. 26:225–234, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…Interviews at the 1969 Army-Navy gridiron game in Philadelphia showed that male spectators were much more aggressive after the event, regardless of whether their preferred team won or lost. [89] A similar study achieved the same results with Canadian spectators of ice-hockey and professional wrestling: watching either event not only significantly raised the general aggressiveness of males and females but diminished their ability to interact cooperatively with others. [90] These results, the study concludes, 'call into question an assumption that sports events are necessarily rich social occasions where goodwill and warm interpersonal relations are fostered'.…”

Section: Popular Ideas and Modern Theories About Sport And Warmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…torch racers, sailors and handsome young men (83)(84)(85)(86)(87)(88)(89)(90)(91)(92)(93). [6] These events were easily as numerous as those of the Olympic Games, which explains why the Great Panathenaia ran for 10 days, lasting longer than any other of the city's festivals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%