Effects of operating parameters on DC glow discharge plasma induced PET film surface

Pandiyaraj, K. Navaneetha; Selvarajan, V.; Deshmukh, Rajendra R.

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/208/1/012100

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The increase in polar component of surface energy results in an increase in O/C ratio as shown in Table 4. A similar observation has been made by Pandiyaraj et al [16] and Pelagade et al [17] with polymers like PET and polycarbonate respectively. The increase in polar com ponent of surface energy is attributed to the incorpo ration of oxygen functional groups on the polymer sur face.…”

Section: Effect Of Oxygen/carbon Ratio On Surface Energysupporting

confidence: 84%

Physico-chemical characteristics of high performance polymer modified by low and atmospheric pressure plasma

Bhatnagar

Jha

Bhowmik

et al. 2012

Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem.

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Abstract-In this work, the effect of low pressure plasma and atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on sur face properties and adhesion characteristics of high performance polymer, Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) are investigated in terms of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X ray photoelectron spectros copy (XPS), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The experimental results show that the PEEK surface treated by atmospheric pressure plasma lead to an increase in the polar component of the surface energy, resulting in improving the adhesion characteristics of the PEEK/Epoxy adhesive system. Also, the roughness of the treated surfaces is largely increased as confirmed by AFM observation. These results can be explained by the fact that the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment of PEEK surface yields several oxygen function alities on hydrophobic surface, which play an important role in increasing the surface polarity, wettability, and the adhesion characteristics of the PEEK/Epoxy adhesive system.

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Section: Effect Of Oxygen/carbon Ratio On Surface Energysupporting

confidence: 84%

Physico-chemical characteristics of high performance polymer modified by low and atmospheric pressure plasma

Bhatnagar

Jha

Bhowmik

et al. 2012

Surf. Engin. Appl.Electrochem.

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“…Reducing the electrode diameter constrains the air volume for plasma discharge, which impacts off-gas concentrations of reactive species, surface chemical reactivity [16], as well as the respective ionization potential [17] to initiate the arc. [19] found increased oxygen levels increased plasma/surface interfacial reactivity potentials, which may influence discharge potentials and the potential for ignition [20]. Thus, for this study, a small 0.125 inch hole (Fig.…”

Section: B Arc Degradation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…This excessive degradation may explain lower ignition times found by polycarbonate sheath materials. However, due to particular evidence of char and its chemical structure, longer ignition times suggest that PET may have enhanced fire suppression over polycarbonate and even the Nylon 6,6 polymer, which is traditionally used in high temperature applications [19]. …”

Section: Chemical Degradation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing fire danger from low-power photovoltaic arc-faults

Armijo

Johnson

Hibbs

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC)

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While arc-faults are rare in photovoltaic installations, more than a dozen documented arc-faults have led to fires and resulted in significant damage to the PV system and surrounding structures. In the United States, National Electrical Code ® (NEC) 690.11 requires a listed arc fault protection device on new PV systems. In order to list new arc-fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs), Underwriters Laboratories created the certification outline of investigation UL 1699B. The outline only requires AFCI devices to be tested at arc powers between 300-900 W; however, arcs of much less power are capable of creating fires in PV systems. In this work we investigate the characteristics of low power (100-300 W) arc-faults to determine the potential for fires, appropriate AFCI trip times, and the characteristics of the pyrolyzation process. This analysis was performed with experimental tests of arc-faults in close proximity to three polymer materials common in PV systems, e.g., polycarbonate, PET, and nylon 6,6. Two polymer geometries were tested to vary the presence of oxygen in the DC arc plasma. The samples were also exposed to arcs generated with different material geometries, arc power levels, and discharge times to identify ignition times. To better understand the burn characteristics of different polymers in PV systems, thermal decomposition of the sheath materials was performed using infrared spectra analysis. Overall a trip time of less than 2 seconds is recommended for the suppression of fire ignition during arc-fault events.

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“…The results showed a 16.1% and 22.9% decrease in ignition times for the respective 100 and 300 W polycarbonate tests with the inclusion of the hole (Figure ). Previous research by Pandiyaraj et al also found increased oxygen levels increased plasma/surface interfacial chemical potentials, which influence ionization potentials and the capability for ignition .…”

Section: Arc‐fault Experimentationmentioning

confidence: 80%

Quantifying photovoltaic fire danger reduction with arc‐fault circuit interrupters

Armijo

Johnson

Harrison

et al. 2014

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Unmitigated arc-faults present fire dangers, shock hazards, and cause system downtime in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The 2011 National Electrical Code® added section 690.11 to require a listed arc-fault protection device on new PV systems. Underwriters Laboratories created the outline of investigation for PV DC arc-fault circuit protection, UL 1699B, for certifying arc-fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs) for arc suppression. Unfortunately, little is known about appropriate trip times for arc-faults generated at different locations in the PV system, with different electrode and polymer encapsulant geometries and materials. In this investigation, a plasma model was developed, which determines fire danger with UL 1699B-listed AFCIs and consequences of arc-fault discharges sustained beyond UL 1699B trip time requirements. This model predicts temperatures for varying system configurations and was validated by 100 and 300 W arc-faults experiments where combustion times and temperatures were measured. This investigation then extrapolated burn characteristics using this model to predict polymer ignition times for exposure to arc-power levels between 100 and 1200 W. The numerical results indicate AFCI maximum trip times required by UL 1699B are sufficient to suppress 100-1200 W arc-faults prior to fire initiation. Optical emission spectroscopy and thermochemical decomposition analysis were also conducted to assess spectral and chemical degradation of the polymer sheath. Published 2014. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

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Effects of operating parameters on DC glow discharge plasma induced PET film surface

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Physico-chemical characteristics of high performance polymer modified by low and atmospheric pressure plasma

Physico-chemical characteristics of high performance polymer modified by low and atmospheric pressure plasma

Characterizing fire danger from low-power photovoltaic arc-faults

Quantifying photovoltaic fire danger reduction with arc‐fault circuit interrupters

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