Effects of paced mating and intromissive stimulation on feminine sexual behavior and estrus termination in the cycling rat.

Coopersmith, Carol B.; Candurra, Carola; Erskine, Mary S.

doi:10.1037/0735-7036.110.2.176

Cited by 86 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with previous studies suggesting that mating induces estrous abbreviation in female rats (Blandau et al, 1941;Coopersmith et al, 1996;Erskine, 1985;Lodder and Zeilmaker, 1976;Reading and Blaustein, 1984). These findings suggest that two ejaculations are sufficient to induce estrous abbreviation when females are tested repeatedly for estrous termination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The temporal pattern of VCS is also important. Intromissions received when the female is allowed to pace the mating sequence are more effective in inducing estrous abbreviation than intromissions received when the male paces mating (Coopersmith, Candurra, and Erskine, 1996;Erskine, 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in some estrous abbreviation studies, females have been mated with two males for 2 h (Reading and Blaustein, 1984), while other have used smaller amounts of stimulation, such as mating females only until 10 paced intromissions were received (Erskine, 1985). Furthermore, in most previous studies changes in sexual behavior were measured using a withinsubjects testing technique in which rats were vaginally masked and repeatedly tested every 1 or 2 h until the termination of sexual behavior (Blandau et al, 1941;Coopersmith et al, 1996;Erskine, 1985;Lodder and Zeilmaker, 1976;Reading and Blaustein, 1984). It is not clear whether sensory stimulation (e.g., flank stimulation or olfactory cues) received during repeated testing also contributes to the rate of estrous abbreviation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mating Stimulation Required for Mating-Induced Estrous Abbreviation in Female Rats: Effects of Repeated Testing

Bennett

Blasberg

Blaustein

2002

Hormones and Behavior

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Mating stimulation, particularly vaginal-cervical stimulation, causes estrous abbreviation in female rats. In most previous studies, female rats were repeatedly tested for sexual behavior until estrous termination occurred. Thus, it was not clear whether sensory stimulation (e.g., flank stimulation, olfactory cues) received during the repeated testing procedure contributed to estrous abbreviation. In Experiment 1, we determined the effect of premating to two or four ejaculations on the rate of estrous termination when a repeated testing procedure was used. We compared ovariectomized, hormone-primed, female rats receiving (1) four ejaculations, (2) two ejaculations, or (3) no premating. Females premated to either two or four ejaculations showed significantly lower levels of sexual receptivity 12 h later than did nonpremated females. These results confirm that premating induces estrous abbreviation when a repeated testing procedure is used. In Experiment 2, we determined whether the repeated testing procedure was necessary for estrous abbreviation. Ovariectomized, hormone-primed female rats were premated to two ejaculations or not premated. The rats were then tested for sexual behavior repeatedly or only once. Females that were premated and repeatedly tested for sexual behavior showed a statistically significant decrease in sexual receptivity compared to females that were not premated; however, the level of sexual receptivity in premated females did not differ from that in non-premated females when they were tested only once. The results suggest that heat duration is the result of a complex interplay between those factors that promote the expression of sexual receptivity and those that inhibit it.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Mating Stimulation Required for Mating-Induced Estrous Abbreviation in Female Rats: Effects of Repeated Testing

Bennett

Blasberg

Blaustein

2002

Hormones and Behavior

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“…The third modification addresses the limitation imposed on session duration by male ejaculation after 12 intromissions at most. Coopersmith, Candurra, and Erskine (1996) have shown that females will allow successive intromissions by more than one male. Using this observation, we attempted to extend test sessions by modifying the test chamber to allow 2 male rats to serve alternately as the target rat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Reinforcement in the Female Rat

Matthews

Grigore

Tang

et al. 1997

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Sexual reinforcement in the female rat was studied in a preparation that allowed continuous operant responding for access to a male rat leading to intromission. Experiment 1 used a high operant level nose-poke response to test the possible reinforcing effects of some components of access to a male. A simple tone stimulus used as a conditioned reinforcer and two odor stimuli, target male bedding and emulsified preputial gland, were tested. None of these contingent events altered responding above or below operant level. Access to the male, which was always accompanied by intromission, immediately increased response rate when it was made contingent upon the nose-poke response. Performance on fixed-ratio schedules was erratic, and response rate was low in comparison to typical food-reinforced responding. An interresponse-time analysis indicated, however, that some effect of the ratio contingency may have been present. In Experiment 2, several modifications of the procedure were tested with the objective of creating a more tractable preparation for behavior analysis. Response type and the hormone delivery method were changed, and 2 target males were used instead of 1. The latter tripled the average number of reinforcers earned in a single session. Differences between sexual and other reinforcers are discussed in terms of procedural, quantitative, and motivational aspects of the sexual reinforcement procedure.

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“…Because intact males become by far the partners preferred by females in estrus when intromissions are prevented by vaginal occlusion, excessive genital stimulation has been regarded as aversive to females [6]. Similarly, intromission during 40 copulation correlates negatively with subsequent appetitive sexual behavior [9,15]. Instrumental responding analysis has shown that females that received mounts with intromission are slower to respond subsequently to a male than females that received mounts without intromission [3].…”

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The Medial Amygdala Controls the Coital Access of Female Rats: A Possible Involvement of Emotional Responsiveness

Kondo

Sakuma

2005

JJP

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Partner preference and paced mating tests were accomplished in ovariectomized female rats 10 following bilateral radiofrequency lesions in the medial amygdala. Open field behavior and passive avoidance learning were also examined to investigate the underlying behavioral mechanism. Partner preference was determined in a chamber located between castrated and sexually active males. Airborne olfactory cues were presented to the female through small holes on the partition. The lesion diminished preference for the odor of sexually active males over that of castrated males, even after injection with 15 high-dose of estrogen. On the other hand, in a paced mating test, the lesioned females without estrogen treatment showed a significantly shorter latency for entering the male's compartment in a two-compartment apparatus, which allowed the females, but not the males, to cross the barrier through a narrow opening at the bottom. However, administration of estrogen and progesterone reduced the effect. The lesion had no effect on emotionality or exploratory behavior in an open field test, but impaired passive avoidance learning 20 capability. We suggest that a male poses an inherent threat to a female. The seemingly incompatible results of partner preference and paced mating tests can be compromised if the male is inherently aversive to the female; this emotional response can be removed by the medial amygdala lesion. [The Japanese Journal of Physiology 55(6), 2005, in press] Key words: female sexual behavior, partner preference, paced mating, medial amygdala, estrogen. 25In the wild rat, sexual interactions are initiated and paced by females in estrus through patterns of approach toward and withdrawal from sexually active males [15]. Although some components of female sexual behavior imply the appetitive aspect, the initiative by females, however, is obscured by male active pursuit when tested in ordinary laboratory situation such as in an aquarium. To solve this problem, several researchers are directing attention to paced mating situation, mimicking wild environment [14, 38]. In the 30 paced mating, female rats can stay a place inaccessible for males and visit a compartment for mating with stimulus males. The situation allows females to regulate their own copulatory pacing without disturbance by males. Pacing behavior, then, is thought to reflect their sexual motivation.Olfactory preference toward sexually active males is also affected by female sexual motivation. When presented odors of sexually active and inactive males, sexually motivated females spend longer time to 35 explore odors from sexually active males. This test also measures female sexual motivation without influence by stimulus male behavior [43].Since the body of our knowledge on neural circuits for female sexual behavior has been accumulated by studying lordosis, a reflexive component of female rat sexual behavior, some researchers start on reevaluation of the regulatory mechanisms of female sexual behavior by means of these test paradigms [16, 4...

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Effects of paced mating and intromissive stimulation on feminine sexual behavior and estrus termination in the cycling rat.

Cited by 86 publications

References 40 publications

Mating Stimulation Required for Mating-Induced Estrous Abbreviation in Female Rats: Effects of Repeated Testing

Mating Stimulation Required for Mating-Induced Estrous Abbreviation in Female Rats: Effects of Repeated Testing

Sexual Reinforcement in the Female Rat

The Medial Amygdala Controls the Coital Access of Female Rats: A Possible Involvement of Emotional Responsiveness

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