Effects of post-weld heat treatments on the residual stress and mechanical properties of electron beam welded sae 4130 steel plates

Abstract

The distribution of the residual stresses of electron beam welded SAE 4130 and the effect of stress relief after various post-weld heat treatments (PWHT) were measured using X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties and microstructure were also examined. Experimental results show that the tensile residual stress increased with the heat input of the electron beam. Most of the residual stresses were relieved by the PWHT at 530 ~ for 2 h followed by furnace cooling to 50 *C. The strength of the welds decreased slightly, and the elongation of the welds increased after PWHT.

Numerical Investigation of Residual Stress in Thick Titanium Alloy Plate Joined with Electron Beam Welding

“…Equation [3] shows that the surface heat source only can be applied within the torus whose radius is between r 0 and r a at the top surface. The unknown parameters of the combined heat sources are the welding efficiency g, partitioning ratio with which the total power was partitioned into volumetric and surface sources b, and the equivalent radii of the surface and the volumetric heat source r a and r 0 .…”

“…[1] and the surface heat source defined in Eq. [3] are elongated simultaneously to form the elongated combined heat source. The heat flux of the surface heat source is uniform in every direction, so the expression of the elongated surface heat source should be the same as Eq.…”

“…The heat flux of the surface heat source is uniform in every direction, so the expression of the elongated surface heat source should be the same as Eq. [3]. The elongated conical volumetric heat source looks like a conical volumetric heat source stretched along the y-direction; it has a Gaussian power distribution in the x-direction, a uniform power in the y-direction at the same depth, and a linear distribution in the z-direction.…”

“…The X-ray method only can be used to measure the surface stress. [2,3] Neutron diffraction can determine the full residual stress below the surface, but it is expensive and limited by the complexity, size, and weight of the component that can be investigated. [4] The internal stress induced by EBW can be measured with the T-edge and l Z -method, [5] but the components must be destroyed fully.…”

Effect of Welding and Post-weld Heat Treatment on Tensile Properties of Nimonic 263 at Room and Elevated Temperatures

“…The comparable tensile strength level after PWHT with a complete removal of residual stress, which might cause stress corrosion cracking at an elevated temperature, is meaningful for the gas turbine application. [17,18] Figure 9 shows the low-and high-magnification micrographs of PWHT Nimonic 263 specimens, resolutionized at 1423 K (1150°C) for 0.5 (Figure 8(a)), 2 (Figure 8(b)), 5 (Figure 8(c)), and 20 hours (Figure 8(d)), respectively, and documented in the WZ. Table V summarizes the grain size and the Vicker's hardness values for the PWHT Nimonic 263 specimens with varying resolutionization time.…”