Effects of Potato Cropping Practices on Water Runoff and Soil Erosion

Chow, T. L.; Cormier, H.; Daigle, J. L.; Ghanem, I.

doi:10.4141/cjss90-016

Cited by 44 publications

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“…This amount represents approximately 42% of the total erosivity value during the cropping season of 1990. This is consistent with Chow et al (1990) who reported that a major proportion of the erosivity resulted from a relatively small number of severe rainstorms. Similarly, Epstein et al (1966) reported that 20 out of 240 storms resulted in 75% of the total soil loss and 55% of the total runoff during 1961-1964 in Northeastern Maine.…”

Section: Weather Informationsupporting

confidence: 81%

Seasonal distribution of runoff and soil loss under four tillage treatments in the upper St. John River valley New Brunswick, Canada

Chow¹,

Rees²,

Monteith³

2000

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Chow, T. L., Rees, H. W. and Monteith, J. 2000. Seasonal distribution of runoff and soil loss under four tillage treatments in the upper St. John River valley New Brunswick, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 80: 649-660. The effect of four different tillage treatments on surface runoff and soil loss, their seasonal distribution and temporal variation in soil erodibility were examined using runoff-erosion plots (10 m wide × 30 m long), on a Holmesville gravelly loam soil, a major soil type used for potato production in New Brunswick. Fall moldboard plowing, fall chisel plowing, spring moldboard plowing and subsoiling followed by fall moldboard plowing were evaluated under barley and fallow conditions on 8 and 11% slopes between 1989 and 1993. With exception of one year, annual precipitation was lower than normal. However, due to higher rainfall during the cropping season, the calculated erosivities were higher than those typically used for conservation planning in this region. Runoff data revealed that fall moldboard plowing generated the highest runoff. Either performing subsoiling prior to fall moldboard plowing or delaying moldboard plowing until the next spring, reduced runoff by approximately 10%. Chisel plowing, which loosens the soil without inverting it and leaves a large amount of residues on the surface, provided by far the greatest benefit in reducing runoff (20% reduction over fall moldboard plowing). Soil loss from fall moldboard plowing on the 11% slope under fallow was 2.8 and 2.6 times greater than from spring moldboard plowing and fall chisel plowing, respectively. The majority of the difference in soil loss occurred during the summer months. The benefit of spring moldboard and fall chisel plowing was considerably less on the 8% slope in which soil loss from the fall moldboard plowing was only 24 and 19% higher than spring moldboard and fall chisel plowing, respectively, indicating that the benefits are slope dependent and increase with increasing slope from 8 to 11%. When the plots were planted in Chapais barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), soil losses were negligible. Tillage treatments, and particularly cropping practices, play a major role in seasonal distribution of runoff and soil loss. Under fallow, approximately 79% of runoff and 8.1% of soil loss occurred during the non-cropping season whereas 96% of runoff and 68% of soil loss were found when the plots were planted in barley. The soil erodibility factor was two to three times higher during March and April, which coincide with the winter-spring thaw period, than during the rest of the year. This seasonal variation must be considered when using event-based models to predict soil losses. Nous avons examiné l'effet de quatre régimes de travail du sol sur le ruissellement et sur les déperditions de sol, sur la répartition saisonnière et sur les variations en fonction du temps de l'érodibilité du sol. Les parcelles étaient installées sur loam graveleux Holmesville, principal type de sol utilisé pour la culture de la pomme de terre au Nouveau-Brunswick. Les ...

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Section: Weather Informationsupporting

confidence: 81%

Seasonal distribution of runoff and soil loss under four tillage treatments in the upper St. John River valley New Brunswick, Canada

Chow¹,

Rees²,

Monteith³

2000

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…Although the magnitude of soil loss rates were considerably different from year to year, the proportional reductions in soil loss were very similar. Nonlinear relationships between runoff and soil loss have been reported by Wischmeier (1966) and Chow et al (1990).…”

Section: Rate Of Runoff and Soil Lossmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of coarse fragment content on soil physical properties, soil erosion and potato production

Chow¹,

Rees²,

Monteith³

et al. 2007

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. Effects of coarse fragment content on soil physical properties, soil erosion and potato production. Can. J. Soil Sci. 87: 565-577. Most potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in northeastern America is on till soils with an abundance of stones. Stone picking has removed many coarse fragments to a point that it might be detrimental to soil quality. This study was to assess the impacts of coarse fragment content (10-19 mm in diameter) on selected soil physical properties, field soil thermal and water regimes, runoff and soil loss and potato yield and tuber quality on a sandy loam soil in New Brunswick. The objectives were to evaluate both beneficial and adverse effects of coarse fragment content (0, 10, 20 and 30% by volume) on soil quality in relation to potato production over a 4-yr period. Soil bulk density increased significantly by incorporating 10 to 30% coarse fragments into the plow layer. Porosity and available soil water-holding capacity were reduced in response to this increase in bulk density. In spite of the reduction in total porosity, pore size greater than 148 µm diameter of the 30% coarse fragment treatment was significantly greater than the 0, 10 and 20% treatments during 2001, 1 yr after the treatments were applied. This increase in macropores may have been responsible for the significantly higher saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil treated with 30% coarse fragments. The results from 2002 and 2003 show that these beneficial effects on soil physical properties were short lived in this study; however, this may not be the case under field conditions because experimental plot problems of relocation of coarse fragments beyond plot boundaries and/or dilution with incorporation of stone-free subsoil material is not an issue in the field. Volumetric water content at field capacity of -33.3 kPa matric potential declined from 20.9% for the control to 7.7% for the 30% coarse fragment treatment. Cumulative soil heat greater than 10°C of the 30% treatment showed significant increases of 11.2, 8.8, and 3.7% during the growing season of 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively, as compared with the control. Although field soil water tension regimes revealed that soil water in different treatments was held at a somewhat similar energy status, field soil water content was reduced considerably with increasing amount of coarse fragments. No significant differences in runoff and soil loss were found between treatments, but average reductions in soil loss over the 3-yr period were 9, 36, and 47% lower than the control for the 10, 20, and 30% treatments, respectively. Although no significant difference in yield and tuber quality between treatments was found in 2001-2003, both total and marketable yield decreased with increasing time. The yield reduction over time may be directly attributed to the mono-culture of potatoes practiced during the course of this experiment.Key words: Soil temperature, soil moisture, conductivity, bulk density, tillage erosion, potato cropping Chow, T. L., Rees, H. W., Monteith, J. O...

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“…Water erosion is particularly severe in the ''Potato Belt'' in north western NB (Coote et al 1982;Chow et al 1990). In a comparison of cultivated agricultural lands versus virgin forested profiles in north western NB, Wang et al (1984) estimated that there was an 8 cm reduction in soil solum thickness.…”

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Depth to compact subsoil effects on soil properties and barley–potato yields on a loamy soil in New Brunswick

et al. 2015

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. Depth to compact subsoil effects on soil properties and barley Á potato yields on a loamy soil in New Brunswick. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 203Á218. An experiment was established to investigate the implications of thickness of soil over compact subsoil on plow layer soil thermal and water regimes and ultimately the yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Three depths were considered, 24 cm (shallow), 36 cm (medium) and 60 cm (deep). Results on soil temperature impacts were inconclusive. The shallow treatment water content was most greatly affected by precipitation and had the greatest potential to become saturated then drying out more than the other treatments. The deep treatment did not improve soil temperature and water regimes enough to increase crop yield. The medium depth, which most closely approximated existing local solum development, proved superior to the shallow treatment in terms of crop yield and reduced soil moisture variation, while the deep treatment did not warrant the effort required to create under field conditions. Barley and potato yields from the medium depth were greatest with 20% (significant) and 8% (not significant) more yield, respectively, than from the shallow treatment. The eroded soil profiles common to the New Brunswick potato belt exacerbate soil erosion since an eroded soil has less volume to accept water from a rainfall event, making the soil more prone to erosion, especially if it is true that our weather is changing, with the amplitude of weather shifts becoming greater. Incorporation of subsoil materials into the plow layer of eroded soils due to soil loss may result in further reduction in crop yield. . Les effets sur la tempe´rature du sol ne sont pas concluants. Avec la couche peu e´paisse, la teneur en eau est particulie`rement touche´e par les pre´cipitations, et le sol court plus de risques de parvenir a`saturation puis de s'asse´cher que celui des deux autres traitements. La couche la plus e´paisse n'ame´liore pas assez la tempe´rature du sol ni le re´gime hydrique pour qu'on observe une hausse du rendement. La couche d'e´paisseur moyenne, qui correspond le plus au me´canisme local de de´veloppement du sol, s'ave`re supe´rieure a`la couche peu e´paisse au niveau du rendement et re´duit la variation de la teneur en eau du sol, les re´sultats obtenus avec la couche la plus e´paisse ne justifiant pas les efforts de´ploye´s pour ame´nager celle-ci au champ. C'est la couche d'e´paisseur moyenne qui assure le meilleur rendement de l'orge et de la pomme de terre, avec une hausse respective de 20 % (significative) et de 8 % (non significative) comparativement au rendement obtenu avec la couche peu e´paisse. Le profil e´rode´des sols commun a`la ceinture de la pomme de terre du Nouveau-Brunswick accentue l'e´rosion des terres dans cette province, car un sol e´rode´est moins volumineux et retient moins bien l'eau de pluie, le rendant plus sensible a`l'e´rosion, surtout si le changement climatique s'ave`re et accroıˆt l'amplitude des variations clima...

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Effects of Potato Cropping Practices on Water Runoff and Soil Erosion

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Seasonal distribution of runoff and soil loss under four tillage treatments in the upper St. John River valley New Brunswick, Canada

Seasonal distribution of runoff and soil loss under four tillage treatments in the upper St. John River valley New Brunswick, Canada

Effects of coarse fragment content on soil physical properties, soil erosion and potato production

Depth to compact subsoil effects on soil properties and barley–potato yields on a loamy soil in New Brunswick

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