Effects of premature anodal stimulations on cardiac transmembrane potential and intracellular calcium distributions computed by anisotropic Bidomain models

Abstract

The VEP pattern of the Cai spatial distribution during the S2 stimulus is in agreement with the previous experimental studies. Moreover, the Cai minimum in the virtual anode can be mainly attributable to the outflow of calcium ions produced by the sodium-calcium (NCX) exchanger, without a significant contribution of the ICaL current.