Effects of Presetting the Membrane Potential of the Soma of Spontaneous and Integrating Ganglion Cells

Otani, Takuzo; Bullock, Theodore H.

doi:10.1086/physzool.32.2.30155393

Cited by 49 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…can become acceleratory. The latter is in agreement with the report of Otani and Bullock (1959) that i.p.s.p. 's reversed by hyperpolarization become slightly excitatory; spikes are more likely to occur.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The present study was undertaken to examine an apparently ideal preparation in the above respects. The lobster cardiac ganglion moreover has the advantages of being rather well known (Maynard, 1953(Maynard, , 1961Bullock, , 1958Bullock, , 1959Hagiwara and Bullock, 1957;Bullock and Terzuolo, 1957;Watanabe, 1958;Terzuolo and Bullock, 1958;Otani and Bullock, 1959;Hagiwara, Watanabe, and Saito, 1959;Florey, 1960;Watanabe and Bullock, 1960;Bullock and Horridge, 1965;Hartline, 1968Hartline, , 1969 and in many ways appears to provide a convenient model of central nervous processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of temporal pattern in the input to a ganglion: Inhibition in the cardiac ganglion of spiny lobsters

Rao¹,

Ks²,

Ishiko³

et al. 1969

J. Neurobiol.

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SUMMARY(1) The single inhibitor axon of one side, going to the cardiac ganglion of Panulirus in a preparation with the central nervous system removed, was stimulated a t a constant mean frequency but with different temporal fine structure. In particular, inhibitory trains with uniform intervals are compared with trains of alternately short and long intervals ("paired pulses"). Different ratios of short to long interval were used and, besides pairs, groups of up to 8 shocks. (2) Sixteen different measures of the inhibitory effect upon various aspects of the electroneurogram of the heart beat are compared. Some are more sensitive, others are more consistent. (3) Pattern sensitivity is found, that is the heart beat slows to different extents for different temporal structures. Trains of uniform intervals were generally more effective than any other pattern. Bursts of 7 or 8 are less effective than shorter bursts with the same minimum and mean interval. (4) The same burst has a different effect according to the phase of the heart cycle at which it arrives; the later the arrival the greater the effect. At the optimal phase and impulse interval, the minimum number of impulses for a just noticeable inhibitory effect (&lo%) is about 4. (5) I n some preparations aging was associated with a reversal from inhibition to acceleration and such changes were not necessarily in parallel for different stimulus patterns. (6) On present evidence it cannot be said that the pattern sensitivity is explained by the effect of conditioning shock-test shock interval on the synaptic response t o the test shock. (7) Evidence does not yet permit evaluation of the possible role of pattern sensitivity under normal conditions. The significance at present is the finding that in a nearly ideal preparation for testing, a RAO, B A B U , ISHIKO, A N D BULLOCKpostsynaptic neuron can "read," i.e., respond differently to the same mean frequency according to temporal fine structure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of temporal pattern in the input to a ganglion: Inhibition in the cardiac ganglion of spiny lobsters

Rao¹,

Ks²,

Ishiko³

et al. 1969

J. Neurobiol.

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“…As our long-term goal is to model the lobster cardiac ganglion, we choose here parameters that yield agreement with existing data concerning the lobster cardiac neurons. Compared to the giant axon, the cardiac ganglion neurons have a higher resting potential (between -50 and -60 mV) (Bullock and Terzuolo 1957) and a lower threshold (between 1.3 and 11 mV) (Otani and Bullock 1959). There are no voltage clamp data on the cardiac nerve cell axons, so that there are numerous ways to achieve a model with these constraints.…”

Section: The Minimal Model Adjusted To the Lobster Cardiac Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A basic biophysical model for bursting neurons

1993

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“…Abundant evidence has been presented that at least some of the impulse-mediated transmission involves chemical synapses. Some of the synaptic potentials are enhanced by hyperpolarization of the motorneuron membrane (Watanabe 1958;Tazaki 1971 b;Tazaki and Cooke 1979a) although this may not be the case for all of the inputs (Otani and Bullock 1959). Antifacilitation, a characteristic of some chemical synapses, has been documented for some but not all of the inputs in lobsters (Hagiwara and Bullock 1957;Tazaki 1971 b;Friesen 1975 a, b).…”

Section: D~cus~onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous burst-organizing potentials in two classes of neurons in the lobster cardiac ganglion respond differently to alterations in divalent ion concentration

Berlind

1985

J. Comp. Physiol.

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Summary. 1. Crustacean cardiac ganglion neurons generate endogenous burst-organizing potentials termed 'driver potentials'. In the five motorneurons ('large cells') in the system these are slow local potentials with the depolarizing current carried by calcium ions. The existence of similar endogenous potentials in the second class of neurons in the ganglion, the four small 'pacemaker' cells, has been postulated primarily on the basis of indirect evidence. The results presented here show that burst-generating mechanisms in the pacemaker neurons and motorneurons respond differently to alterations in the ionic content of the medium, and suggest that driver potentials have different ionic bases in the two cell types. (Homarus americanus) cardiac ganglia persists in altered form in salines containing high levels of manganese (Fig. 1) or reduced calcium (Figs. 3, 4). Both of these ionic alterations suppress driver potentials generated by the motorneurons (Fig. 2). Bursts generated in low-calcium salines were of very long duration. Bursting in isolated lobster3. In low-calcium salines the long-duration bursts resulted from prolonged and intensified discharge of the small pacemaker neurons; motorneuron activity was suppressed as would be predicted from blockade of the large cell driver potentials. These conclusions derive from the use of ligatured preparations, in which a large cell group was functionally isolated from the rest of the ganglion (Fig. 5); from two-pool preparations in which the two classes of cells were perfused independently in different ionic media (Fig. 6); and from ganglia in which one or the other cell type was silenced by selective application of tetrodotoxin (Figs. 7, 8).Abbreviations: DP driver potential; pln posterior lateral nerve; TTX tetrodotoxin; TEA tetraethylammonium 4. These experiments support the idea that driver potentials in the motorneurons are primarily based on inflow of calcium ions, but that a significant proportion of the inward current responsible for the driver potentials in the small pacemaker neurons is carried by an ion other than calcium.5. The results support current models for the roles of endogenous properties and network interactions in determining the pattern of impulse production by the motorneurons; however, the synaptic mechanisms by which the pacemakers influence the motorneurons, which has previously been thought to be mainly chemical in lobsters, appears to contain a significant electrical component.

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Effects of Presetting the Membrane Potential of the Soma of Spontaneous and Integrating Ganglion Cells

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Effectiveness of temporal pattern in the input to a ganglion: Inhibition in the cardiac ganglion of spiny lobsters

Effectiveness of temporal pattern in the input to a ganglion: Inhibition in the cardiac ganglion of spiny lobsters

A basic biophysical model for bursting neurons

Endogenous burst-organizing potentials in two classes of neurons in the lobster cardiac ganglion respond differently to alterations in divalent ion concentration

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