Effects of Protein-Energy Malnutrition on the Immune System

Masrizal, Mellova Amir

doi:10.7454/mss.v7i2.325

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Host factors are also very important in infections. Immune status and nutrition affect host responses to bacterial and viral pathogens [ 29 , 30 ]. Compared to bacteria, the infectious potential of viruses in humans is comparative and the host’s defenses are essential for prevention [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping and clinical factors in pediatric diarrhea caused by rotaviruses: one-year surveillance in Surabaya, Indonesia

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundRotavirus infections are a major cause of diarrhea in children in both developed and developing countries. Rotavirus genetics, patient immunity, and environmental factors are thought to be related to the severity of acute diarrhea due to rotavirus in infants and young children. The objective of this study was to provide a correlation between rotavirus genotypes, clinical factors and degree of severity of acute diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Surabaya, Indonesia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 1–60 months with acute diarrhea hospitalized in Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia from April to December 2013. Rotavirus in stool specimens was identified by ELISA and genotyping (G-type and P-type) using multiplex reverse transcription PCR. Severity was measured using the Ruuska and Vesikari scoring system. The clinical factors were investigated included patient’s age (months), hydration, antibiotic administration, nutritional state, co-bacterial infection and co-viral infection.ResultsA total of 88 children met the criteria; 80.7% were aged 6–24 months, watery diarrhea was the most common type (77.3%) and 73.6% of the subjects were co-infected with bacteria, of which pathogenic Escherichia coli was the most common (42.5%). The predominant VP7 genotyping (G-type) was G2 (31.8%) and that of VP4 genotyping (P-type) was P[4] (31.8%). The predominant rotavirus genotype was G2P[4] (19.3%); G1P[4] and G9P[4] were uncommon with a prevalence of 4.5%. There were significant differences between the common genotype and uncommon genotype with respect to the total severity score of diarrhea (p <0.05). G3, G4 and G9 were significantly correlated with severe diarrhea (p = 0.009) in multivariate analyses and with frequency of diarrhea (>10 times a day) (p = 0.045) in univariate analyses, but there was no significant correlation between P typing and severity of diarrhea. For combination genotyping of G and P, G2P[4] was significantly correlated with severe diarrhea in multivariate analyses (p = 0.029).ConclusionsThere is a correlation between rotavirus genotype and severity of acute diarrhea in children. Genotype G2P[4] has the highest prevalence. G3, G4, G9 and G2P[4] combination genotype were found to be associated with severe diarrhea.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping and clinical factors in pediatric diarrhea caused by rotaviruses: one-year surveillance in Surabaya, Indonesia

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Micronutrient deficiency affects poor growth and impaired intelligence and increases mortality and susceptibility to infection. Malnutrition makes children underweight, weak, and susceptible to infection, mainly because of epithelial integrity and inflammation (17,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Malnutrition often involves multiple nutrient deficiency syndromes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Status and Severity of Pneumonia among Inpatient of Children Under Five Years

Kharisma

Zahra

2022

MMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The prevalence of pneumonia in developing countries continues to increase, especially in Indonesia. One of the factors that influence the severity of pneumonia is nutritional status. Malnutrition increases susceptibility to infection. Purposes: This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and pneumonia severity in children under five. Methods: This research was an analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The data were taken from the medical records of pneumonia patients under five years of age who were hospitalized at the Infectious Disease Hospital Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso for January 2018 to October 2019. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Results: Out of 68 patients who met the inclusion criteria, the highest age range was 0-11 months (50%), the most gender was female (55.9%), the group with the highest cases was the severe pneumonia group (73.5%), the most nutritional status was abnormal nutrition (55.9%). There are 86.8% of patients with abnormal nutritional status suffer from severe pneumonia. Conclusion: There is a relationship between nutritional status and pneumonia severity.

show abstract

“…Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), a type of nutritional deprivation, is a predisposal to immunodeficiency, frequently leading to a severe infection, atrophied thymus, and wasting of peripheral lymphoid tissue and consequently hampers immune responses [73]. The malnutrition-based ailment is a major cause of morbidity across different age groups, and it is culpable for two-thirds of all deaths of children in their first 60 months of life in low-income nations [74,75]. The major aim of a healthy diet is to maintain a functional immune system by avoiding immunodeficiency due to low-calorie intake, the overdose of calories, or micronutrient deficiencies.…”

Section: Malnutrition and Immunity: The Tandem Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition: The Tripple Burden and the Immune System

Ohanube¹,

Ojong²,

Chinaza³

2023

Combating Malnutrition Through Sustainable Approaches

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies in the last two decades show the relationship between malnutrition and the debility of some diseases. While some scholars believe it contributes to the virulence of infectious diseases, others opine that it plays a role in the deteriorating conditions of some metabolic or noncommunicable diseases. In recent times, the term malnutrition has been expanded to cover a broader spectrum, ranging from the double burden, which includes undernutrition and overnutrition, to the triple burden, in which the duo and micronutrient deficiency are considered. This review elaborates on the broader definition of malnutrition, the determinants of malnutrition, the triple burden of malnutrition coupled with the tandem effects of malnutrition on the immune system. Where possible, we used examples to clarify and conceptualize this review, bringing in some real-life context in which these burdens are applicable. We discussed the cellular implications of the micronutrient deficiencies and buttressed using body mass index as a rough guide in estimating overweight and underweight.

show abstract

Effects of Protein-Energy Malnutrition on the Immune System

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Genotyping and clinical factors in pediatric diarrhea caused by rotaviruses: one-year surveillance in Surabaya, Indonesia

Genotyping and clinical factors in pediatric diarrhea caused by rotaviruses: one-year surveillance in Surabaya, Indonesia

Nutritional Status and Severity of Pneumonia among Inpatient of Children Under Five Years

Malnutrition: The Tripple Burden and the Immune System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About